The cost of crude oil exploitation in the Middle East member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is $2.90 per barrel; The exploitation cost of onshore oil fields in OPEC member countries outside the Middle East is $4.93 per barrel; Beihai Oilfield 10.95 USD/barrel; Central Europe and Caspian Sea $7.94 per barrel; $9.02 per barrel in the Gulf of Mexico; Russia 1 1.92 USD per barrel.

Based on the current crude oil futures of $70 per barrel.

Generally speaking, from the perspective of major oil companies in the world, mining, refining and marketing are all integrated.

Belong to different departments of the same group. There are few independent mining companies, oil refining companies and sales companies. As for the profit rate, we can look at the ratio (pre-tax operating profit/operating income) in the annual report of listed companies. Probably the comprehensive profit rate of oil companies. In addition, the valuation of oil companies in the world is mainly to evaluate the market value of their oil reserves.