Extended qualification:
1, Shanghai (Shanghai and Shenzhen for short) is the national central city and megacity of China [1], the core city of Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo, the international economic, financial, trade, shipping and scientific and technological innovation center [2][3], and the first batch of coastal open cities. Located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is the leading city in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, facing Kyushu Island across the sea, Hangzhou Bay in the south and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the northwest. Shanghai Port ranks first in the world in terms of cargo throughput and container throughput. It is an international river and sea port and has the first free trade zone in Chinese mainland-China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are isomorphic to form the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.
2. Shanghai "Under the initial data transaction framework, both data ownership, data governance technology and business model of data transaction have been formed. By April 2020, the Central Office and the State Council officially issued the Opinions on Establishing a More Perfect System and Mechanism for Market-oriented Allocation of Factors, which listed data, land, capital and labor as production factors and put forward the vision of accelerating the cultivation of the data factor market. The big data trading market has been revitalized, and a new batch of data exchanges has been born.
3. Shanghai's data legislation first solved the worries of data ownership in data transactions. The draft has made a breakthrough in defining the data rights and interests trading mechanism, protecting the property rights and interests of data trading subjects in their products and services that legally acquire and process data, and protecting their property rights and interests obtained through data. Trade. This means that the property rights of data are protected and the data rights can be recognized for trading.
4. However, for a long time, the activity of domestic data transactions is still very low. The reason is that "data confirmation is difficult" is the key to hinder the circulation of data elements. Data ownership is a world-class problem, which leads to insufficient willingness of government and enterprises to open data. In the practice of data transaction at home and abroad, the rights and interests of data producers and users are divided by various technical means, thus avoiding the determination of data ownership. For example, Beijing International Big Data Exchange adopts the integration of federated learning, encryption computing and other technologies to realize the separation of ownership and use rights and the availability and invisibility of data.