The investment varieties in the gold market are mainly divided into physical gold investment and gold investment derivatives derived from physical gold. Derivatives mainly include gold futures and gold options, and physical gold investment mainly includes gold bars, coins and gold ornaments.
At present, the main way for domestic individuals to invest in gold is to invest in gold bars, which are divided into ordinary gold bars and commemorative gold bars.
standard
The specifications of gold bars vary from country to country, but according to international practice, gold bars entering the market must be marked with their fineness and weight, as well as the name and number of the refinery when they are cast in the refinery. For example, the gold bars of Gaosaier are divided into three specifications: 2 ounces, 5 ounces and 10 ounces. On the back of each gold bar, there are the words and numbers of "Casting by Great Wall Gold and Silver Refinery of China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation" and anti-counterfeiting marks.
Casting packaging
Under normal circumstances, investors often buy gold bars produced by well-known refining companies, which will save a lot of expenses and procedures when selling them in the future. If it is produced by an unknown enterprise, the gold buyer will charge an analysis fee. The gold bars sold by internationally renowned gold merchants are all packed in sealed small bags. In addition to containing gold, there are reliable seals as evidence. It will be much more convenient to sell gold bars without opening them. In China, the Great Wall Gold and Silver Refinery is by far the largest state-owned gold and silver refinery, the only member of London Precious Metals Market Association among China gold and silver smelters, and was elected as the Shanghai Gold Exchange and the governing unit.
Transaction measurement unit
Due to the different trading habits and rules of gold markets in different countries, the unit of measurement of gold is also different. At present, the commonly used unit of measurement in the international gold market is the troy ounce. A troy ounce is a unit of measurement specially used for precious metal commodity trading, which is different from a constant ounce. 1 troy ounce is equal to 28.3495g, while 1 troy ounce is equal to 31.1035g ... China used to measure gold in two units, but now it is mainly grams. With the integration of economy and international market, many domestic gold brands use troy ounces to measure gold, and Gaosaier gold bars are one of them.
price
The prices of ordinary gold bars and commemorative gold bars are different. The issue price of commemorative gold bars shall be formulated with reference to the pricing method of gold ornaments. Generally, its issue price = cost+10% value-added tax +5% consumption tax+profit. The price of ordinary investment gold bars is based on the spot price of gold plus a certain processing and circulation fee. Therefore, the price of commemorative gold bars is higher than that of ordinary investment gold bars. For example, the price of gold bars in Gaosaier is based on the daily quotation of London Precious Metals Market, the world's largest spot gold market, referring to the price of Shanghai Gold Exchange, plus the processing and circulation fee of RMB-0/09 per ounce (3.5 yuan/gram), which will be returned to 62 yuan (2 yuan/gram) when repurchased.
Investment channels
First, on-site transactions, such as member transactions of Shanghai Gold Exchange, namely gold producers, gold jewelry enterprises, gold brokers, gold agents, commercial banks and institutional investors.
Second, over-the-counter transactions, mainly gold bar transactions conducted by some small and medium-sized enterprises and individual investors in commercial banks, gold shops, jewelry stores and gold and silver jewelry stores. At present, individual gold investors in China mainly trade over the counter. The best way to buy gold bars is to buy back gold bars with guaranteed price difference, such as the Gaosaier gold bars bought and sold by China Merchants Bank. The trading quotations on the afternoon of September 23rd were 12 1.49 yuan/gram and 120.99 yuan/gram respectively. The bid-ask price difference is 0.5 yuan, and the processing fee difference at the time of buying and selling is per gram 1.5 yuan.
Banks invest in gold bars. At present, the investment gold bars sold by banks mainly include self-owned brand gold bars and agent sales gold bars. In terms of self-owned brand gold bars, there are "Ruyi Gold" of ICBC, "Heritage Treasure" of Agricultural Bank, "Jianxin Gold" of China Construction Bank and "Dragon and Phoenix Gold" of China Bank. This kind of product is characterized by high cost, which is not conducive to short-term speculation and is suitable for medium and long-term investment.