In fact, in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, "endless years" and "endless eyebrows" were commonly used eulogies and greetings. There is a sentence in the Book of Songs in July, which describes the scene of people holding a celebration ceremony after a year of hard work. The "endless life" here is a kind of cheer when people raise their glasses and drink. The word "Long live" is a simplification of these tributes and greetings.
When did the word "Long live" belong to the emperor? There is no consensus among historians. One view is that when Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, came to Korea, "Long live all the ministers in the temple". At this time, "Long live" is different from the "Long live" as a general cheer in the Warring States period, and it is linked with a whole set of court etiquette.
One view is that the "Long live" belonging to the emperor began in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. "Han Wu Di Ji" contains: "In the first month of the first year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Wu personally climbed the pine and followed the imperial history. The officers and men in the temple have been smelling salt for three years and have not responded. " "Long live three", who called it? Xun Yue's Note: "The mountain gods call it long live." 15 years later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also claimed to be "lucky for evil spirits, and courtesy is like a mountain." Climb to the top and float to the sea. Long live the mountains. "Even the mountain gods and rocks have to call him long live. How can subjects not call him? Since then, the voice of "Long live" in front of the throne has been heard. He called it treason and disrespect.
There is also a view that "Long live" is also used by emperors in the Han Dynasty. According to the etiquette of the Han Dynasty, long live the Crown Prince. At that time, there was a royal family named "Long live the grandfather", and the younger brother of Han and Emperor was called "Long live Liu". From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there were countless examples of saying "Long live" to officials. For example, in The Biography of Vares Guli, the celebrity Guli was framed and imprisoned by the powerful minister Liang Ji, and his protege wrote a letter complaining, "The Queen Mother knowingly committed the crime, but it was lenient. When you are released from prison, the capital is called long live. " In the Song Dynasty, people and officials called "Long live" must not get their hands on them. Cao Ne, the son of Cao Liyong, a general in the Northern Song Dynasty, was once drunk, "Long live the impulse", and was denounced and killed with a stick (Biography of Song History and Cao Liyong). It can be seen that in the Song Dynasty, in addition to the emperor, no one was allowed to call Long Live.
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The reason why the Qing emperor used the name "Lafayette" was because the ancestors of Manchu, the leader of the Jurchen nationality, were first called "Man Zhu". "Full column" is a transliteration of the Buddhist name "Schumann", which means "Buddha" and "auspicious". Later, some prominent families and hereditary leaders were named "Manzhu". After the founding of New China, Manchu translated "Manzhu" into "Buddha" as the special name of the emperor.
The Origin of Lafayette in Cixi
In the early years of Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi just turned 40. In order to achieve the purpose of hearing politics for the second time, she used various means, but she was afraid of North Korea's opposition and was unhappy all day. Li, a trusted eunuch, guessed the truth, so he built a Buddha statue behind Manjuji's Daxiong Hall. After the completion, Li quickly told Cixi, saying, "I heard that there are often two buddhas in the Hall of the Great Hero, which is a good omen. I want to invite the queen mother to visit and watch. " Empress Dowager Cixi was very surprised, so she began to drive out of the palace. Out of Xizhimen, off the high beam bridge, on the royal boat, along the long river until you reach Manjuji (now Beijing Art Museum). Cixi went to the dock, entered the mountain gate, and went straight to Daxiong Hall. When I entered the temple, I saw that the III Buddha was still worshipping, and I was furious: "It is obviously the III Buddha. Where did the Double Buddha shine?" At that time, the slave tricked his master into killing his head. Li knew it well and quickly said, "Calm down, Empress Dowager, please go to the backyard." Empress Dowager Cixi slowly moved to the III Buddha and found a kind-hearted Guanyin sitting in the center of the temple, where the abbot of the temple and Cixi's civil and military ministers were also present. At this moment, Li shouted, "Here comes Lafayette." The others immediately knelt down and shouted, "Welcome Lafayette!" Cixi understood half of it, but pretended to be puzzled and asked, "Which Lafayette are you welcoming?" Li replied to them: "This is to meet the Queen Mother, you Lafayette!" "You are the Guanyin Bodhisattva who helps the poor today!" "Now the emperor drives first, the new emperor is still young, and the country cannot be ownerless for a day. Subjects, please care about national affairs, you can save the people from the quagmire! " A word made Cixi happy. Since then, the name of Lafayette has spread from Manchuria to Beijing, and the whole country has called Cixi the "Empress Dowager Lafayette". Cixi also listened to politics with a clear conscience. It is said that this Guanyin was modeled after Cixi by Li. Later, Cixi came to Manjuji to burn incense and pray for longevity. Because of her great appreciation of Guanyin, she also put on the Guanyin costume prepared for her by the abbot of the temple. Lee pretended to be lord protector, with his hands crossed on his wrists. The two of them took a photo in front of this Buddha statue, which has been seen by some people.