When I first came into contact with financial management, I still suggested starting with investment funds. The income is higher than that in the bank, and the stability is better than that in the stock market, which is suitable for beginners to practice. So how should we novices know about the fund? Bian Xiao compiled the basic knowledge of reading fund here for your reference. I hope everyone will gain something in the reading process!
1, fund classification
(1) money fund: an open-end fund mainly used for investment and short-term money market instruments. Its characteristics are high liquidity, stable income and low risk. For example, Yu 'ebao is a kind of money fund. The income of the money fund is between 2% and 3%.
(2) Bond fund: the bond share must account for more than 80% of the fund. The income is generally 6%~7%, and the income is relatively stable.
(3) Equity funds: funds with a share of over 80%. The income is high, which is about 15% when it is high, but the risk is high.
(4) Hybrid funds: between bond funds and equity funds.
(5) Index funds: This kind of fund classification should actually be classified as stock funds. But this fund is more important, so I will say it separately. Index fund is a passive fund that takes the index constituent stocks as the investment object and adopts the method of completely copying the index weight to obtain roughly the same rate of return as the index. It is a passive fund among stock funds. The index is actually a stock selection rule, which selects stocks according to certain rules.
Take the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index as an example: it is composed of 300 stocks with the largest market value and the best liquidity among the Shanghai and Shenzhen securities, and the sum reflects the overall performance of China A-share market and stock prices. It is transparent to us, because we know which stocks he invested and how much he invested. But other types of funds are not transparent to us.
2. What are inside and outside the station?
(1) floor trading is "buying and selling", that is, trading with other investors in the securities market, which is equivalent to the secondary market. OTC trading is "subscription and redemption". Subscribing for a fund is actually to apply to the fund company for purchasing new fund shares and redeeming the fund, that is, the fund company applies for selling the fund shares included by the householder and returning the investors with cash. This is equivalent to the primary market, where investors trade directly with fund companies.
(2) On-floor trading is real-time trading, and there are countless prices in one day. For over-the-counter transactions, there is only one price per day, and the final transaction price is based on the net value of the fund unit at the close of the day.
3. What fees do investment funds need to pay?
(1) Management fee, custody fee, subscription redemption fee, transaction commission and sales service fee.
4. Net fund value
Net fund value refers to the market value of stocks, bonds and cash held by each fund. This is what we call the price. For example, Alipay's net fund value is 1.829 yuan.
5. Will investing in index funds really make money?
Investing in index funds means investing in national wealth. I believe that the country will always get better and make money.
6. Types of index funds
(1) SSE 50 Index: It consists of 50 most representative A-shares with large scale and good liquidity in Shanghai, reflecting the stock price performance of the most influential leading companies in Shanghai.
There are many index funds tracking an index, so which one should I choose to invest in? The screening criteria are: small tracking error, low rate, establishment over 1 year and scale over 1 billion. Tracking index funds of SSE 50, the on-site fund with better tracking is Bosera SSE 50ETF(5 107 10), and the off-site fund is E Fund SSE 50 Index A (1 1003).
(2) Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index: The Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index consists of 300 stocks with large market value and good liquidity in Shanghai and securities markets, which comprehensively reflects the overall performance of China A-share market. From the perspective of market value, the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 accounts for more than 60% of the total size of the domestic stock market and is the most influential index of A shares. According to the screening criteria, the better on-site index fund for tracking the CSI 300 is E Fund's CSI 300 sponsored ETF(5 103 10), and the off-site index fund is E Fund's CSI 300ETF Link A (1kloc-0/0020).
(3) CSI 500 Index: CSI 500 is the largest 30 1-800 stocks in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, which comprehensively reflects the stock price performance of a group of small and medium-sized companies in China A-share market. The better on-site fund for tracking CSI 500 is E Fund CSI 500ETF(5 10580), and the off-site fund is South CSI 500ETF Link A( 160 1 19).
(4) Growth Enterprise Market Index: Growth Enterprise Market Index consists of 65,438+000 largest companies selected from the Growth Enterprise Market of Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The fund that tracks the GEM index is the ETF of E Fund (159915) and the fund that tracks the GEM index is the Guo Fu GEM index (16 1022).
(5) The CSI dividend index is compiled by CSI Index Company, and 100 stocks with the highest average cash dividend rate in the past two years are selected from Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets. The fund that is easy to track is OTC Dacheng CSI dividend (0900 10).
7. Industry index funds
Industry index fund refers to which industries only need to be invested when selecting stocks. For example, medicine 100, CSI consumer index, etc.
Morgan Stanley and Standard & Poor's launched the global industry classification standard in 2000. Divide the industry into 10 first-class industries and establish the industry index. However, this is not the case.
All industries are worth investing in.
(1) Consumer industry: mainly various consumer goods that maintain our normal life. Such as agricultural and sideline food, wine, drinks and so on.
Consumer goods industry is the industry with the most stable demand. No matter what the economic situation, daily consumption is indispensable. This is one of Buffett's favorite industries. CSI Consumer Index consists of necessary consumer stocks in CSI 800 Index. The on-site fund with better tracking is Huitianfu CSI main consumption ETF( 159928), and the off-site fund is Huitianfu CSI main consumption ETF connection (000248).
(2) Pharmaceutical industry: The pharmaceutical industry is naturally more likely to make money. Because everyone can't live without illness and death, medicine is the basic need of human beings, and we won't stop taking medicine to see a doctor because of the economic downturn. The pharmaceutical 100 index selects 100 companies with the largest market value in the pharmaceutical industry, with equal weight, and the proportion of each stock is 1%, which is balanced regularly. This greatly disperses the risk of a single pharmaceutical stock. Any pharmaceutical stocks account for a small proportion in the pharmaceutical 100 index. The better index fund tracked is Guolian 'an CSI Medicine 100(000059) OTC.
8. Mixed funds
To put it bluntly, all kinds of funds are mixed together.
9. What is a fixed investment?
Fixed investment is to invest money in an investment product regularly. Fixed investment is divided into three investment methods:
One-time investment: it is a mindless buying gesture.
Regular quota: it is a fixed amount for a fixed time and belongs to the basic fund of fixed investment. Simple and rude, without thinking. The method of buying a fixed amount without considering the price will make the income discounted and the funds will not be used efficiently.
Irregular quota: the time is fixed, but the investment amount is not fixed. I take the initiative to buy more when it is cheap, buy less or even not when it is expensive, and I can buy more fund shares when the fund is cheap. Regular and irregular investment has the highest return rate. Then you must choose this investment method.
10, customized investment plan
(1) What kind of fund to invest in: index funds with low valuation, preferably portfolio, can spread risks.
(2) How much to invest: Many people lose money because they have no plan. Deciding to invest in index funds is a long-term process, with at least 3-5 years of psychological preparation. If you put the money you need in 1-2 years, take it and make a fixed investment. When money is needed, it is likely that the market has not yet risen and it is easy to lose money. It is recommended to take half of the balance for fixed investment.
(3) How often: weekly or monthly? In the long run, it will be almost the same. However, wage earners suggest to make a fixed investment every month, and make a fixed investment on the second day of salary payment, which plays the role of compulsory savings.
(4) When to sell:
1) By profit point: after the profit point, sell in whole or in batches. If it is sold in batches, if it continues to rise, once it falls to the retracement point you set, it will all be sold. The take profit point is generally set above 15%. Advantages: this method leads to different investment time according to the level of profit-taking point you set. If the take profit point is set to 20%, it may occur once every 1-2 years. It is more friendly to investors and safer to leave the bag faster. Disadvantages: You may miss the profit of the big bull market and sell it at the beginning of the bull market. After the sale, the market may have risen a lot, and it is not easy to find other undervalued assets.
2) According to the valuation: underestimate the fixed investment in the region, stop the fixed investment in the normal valuation region, continue to hold it, and sell the overvalued region in batches. Advantages: high income. Usually the bull market is overestimated, and there will be an increase of 1-3 times. Disadvantages: it takes a long time and needs patience to wait for the arrival of the bull market. A round of bulls and bears is about 7- 10 years.
1 1, add positions
(1) Rapid decline method: On the same day, the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 3-4 points, while its own fund fell by 4 points, which can cover the base position and double it.
(2) Slow-down method: increase the position when the funds are sufficient: for example, the monthly fixed investment is 1 1,000 yuan.
When the floating loss is 10%, the base of 2000 yuan will double.
When the floating loss is 20%, the base of 4000 yuan will increase four times.
When the floating loss is 30%, the base of 8000 yuan will increase 8 times.
When the funds are insufficient, add positions: for example, the monthly fixed investment is 1000 yuan.
When the floating loss 10%, the base number 1000 yuan will be increased.
When the floating loss is 20%, the base of 2000 yuan will double.
When the floating loss is 30%, the base of 4000 yuan will increase four times.
If the market is in a volatile upward trend, you can adjust the ratio of 10% to 5%, so as to avoid a small market adjustment, no opportunity to add positions and miss the opportunity to spread low costs!
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