There is a saying that "industries with insufficient production capacity * * * will not allow investment, and * * * will make all industries with investment have overcapacity."

Let's study it, hehe. The above investment refers to private capital and foreign capital.

What do you mean by mature industries?

Mature industry A mature industry refers to a period in which the industry gradually transits to moderate or stable growth after experiencing high-speed growth. The industry in this period is usually called a mature industry.

What mature international industries are not available in China?

After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up more than 20 years ago, China's industrial development has changed from less to more, from weak to strong, and the change of industrial structure basically conforms to the general law of the evolution of industrial structure in the world. In the process of the change of China's industrial structure, how effective the industrial structure policy is, how big the space for industrial structure policy to play under the new open economy conditions, and how it will go in the future are all important theoretical and practical problems to be solved urgently. Based on the empirical analysis of China's previous industrial structure policy performance, this paper discusses the future trend of China's industrial structure policy under the background of WTO.

First, China industrial structure policy performance analysis

China's industrial structure policy began in the first five-year plan period, when China basically followed the Soviet model and chose the industrial development strategy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry. * * * The use of strict price control, mandatory orders and other administrative means, giving priority to the allocation of scarce resources to the heavy industry sector, making heavy industry quickly established and developed. This was an inevitable choice in line with history and logic under the harsh international political and economic background at that time, and also laid an economic and technical foundation for China to establish a complete industrial system in a short time. However, the advanced development of heavy industry has also caused a serious imbalance in industrial structure, which has restricted the speed and quality of China's long-term economic growth.

By the end of 1970s, China entered the period of reform and opening-up, and the imbalance of industrial structure was very serious. In order to correct the abnormal industrial structure and coordinate the development of various industries, while carrying out the rural economic system reform, * * * has successively promulgated the policy of giving priority to the development of textile industry, promoting the development of "short-term" infrastructure and basic industries, and restricting the development of "long-term" processing industries. Judging from the results of the implementation of these policies, the policies to promote the development of agriculture and textile industry have achieved remarkable results. By 1982, the long-term shortage of grain and industrial consumer goods in China has been fundamentally changed; The policy effect of promoting "short-term" industries and restraining "long-term" development is very limited. Throughout the 1980s, although the state encouraged investment in infrastructure and basic industries, and gave support in terms of capital, materials, energy and transportation, the development of infrastructure and basic industries always lagged behind the development of the national economy, and their "bottleneck" situation was not fundamentally reversed. On the contrary, the processing industry with overcapacity restricted by the state is growing at an alarming rate.

After the imbalance of industrial structure has been alleviated to a certain extent, while continuing to implement the structural adjustment policy of "promoting short and limiting long", the state began to pay attention to the upgrading of industrial structure. In the seventh five-year plan, * * * clearly put forward "focusing on developing knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive products, striving to open up new production fields, and promoting the formation and development of emerging industries in a planned way" and "transforming traditional industries with new technologies". Judging from the results of the implementation of the Seventh Five-Year Plan, the structural imbalance is still serious, the establishment of emerging industries and the technological transformation of traditional industries are progressing very slowly, and the industrial policy objectives have basically not been realized, so that the industrial development plan of the Eighth Five-Year Plan is very similar to that of the Seventh Five-Year Plan. In the early 1990s, inspired by the speech of * * * on the southern tour, the whole country set off a new round of investment boom. Processing industry has become the main investment field because of its economic and technological characteristics, and a large number of small and medium-sized processing enterprises with low technology content have emerged rapidly. The failure to implement the eighth five-year plan for industrial development has also aggravated the existing problems of unbalanced industrial structure, low industrial level and dispersion. In this case, the state is forced to use administrative means to comprehensively adjust the economy in order to achieve a "soft landing" of the national economy.

What are the typical characteristics of a mature industry?

The main indicators to identify the stage of the industry life cycle are: market growth rate, demand growth rate, product variety, number of competitors, entry barriers and exit barriers, technological change, user purchase behavior, etc. The characteristics of each stage of the life cycle are introduced as follows. 1, infancy: During this period, the market growth rate is relatively high, the demand increases rapidly, and the technology changes greatly. Users in the industry are mainly committed to exploring new users and occupying the market, but at this time, there is great technical uncertainty and there is a lot of room for products, markets, services and other strategies. There is not much information about industry characteristics, industry competition and user characteristics, and the entry threshold for enterprises is low. 2. Growth period: during this period, the market growth rate is very high, the demand is growing rapidly, the technology is gradually finalized, the industry characteristics, industry competition and user characteristics are more clear, the barriers to entry for enterprises are increased, and the product varieties and competitors are increased. 3. Maturity: During this period, the market growth rate is not high, the demand growth rate is not high, the technology is mature, the industry characteristics, industry competition situation and user characteristics are very clear and stable, the buyer's market is formed, the profitability of the industry is declining, the development of new products and new uses of products is more difficult, and the barriers to entry of the industry are very high. 4. Decline: During this period, the market growth rate decreased, the demand decreased, and the product variety and the number of competitors decreased. Judging from the reasons for the decline, there may be four types of decline, namely: (1) resource-based decline, that is, the decline caused by the exhaustion of resources on which production depends. (2) Efficiency-based recession, that is, industry recession caused by inefficient comparative disadvantage. (3) The elasticity of income decline is low. That is, industries that decline because of the low elasticity of demand-income (4) Excessive aggregation decreased. That is, the industry recession caused by the disadvantages of excessive economic agglomeration. The application of industry life cycle has certain limitations, because the life cycle curve is an abstract typical curve, and the curves drawn by various industries according to the actual sales volume are far from smooth and regular. So sometimes it is difficult to determine which stage the industry is in, and improper identification can easily lead to strategic mistakes. There are many factors that affect the change of sales volume, and the relationship is complicated. It is not easy to distinguish the cyclical change of the whole economy from the evolution of an industry. Moreover, the evolution of some industries is from centralization to decentralization, and some industries are from decentralization to centralization, which cannot correspond to a strategic model. Therefore, the industry life cycle analysis method should be combined with other methods to avoid falling into one-sided analysis. The technology of high-tech industry is updated very quickly. If there is no big investment in R&D, the previous new technology will be eliminated. So the maturity period is relatively short. There are not so many new technologies in the utility industry that need to be updated. And * * * equity investment. So take your time. However, the shares of municipal departments will not fluctuate like those of other highly competitive industries. High-tech industries, such as Sichuan Changhong, 1996- 1998, had a very good rise, but now they can't. The public utilities sector, such as City Investment Holdings, has not fluctuated much since its listing, but it has gone steadily.

What industries are in the growth stage and maturity stage in China?

Not yet mature, in the growth stage.

Characteristics of mature industries

The mature stage is the peak stage of industrial development, which usually lasts for a long time. During this period, a few big manufacturers who survived through fierce market competition and survival of the fittest basically monopolized the market of the whole industry, and each manufacturer occupied a certain proportion of the market share, so in the mature stage, the industrial development was generally stable. Specifically, it has the following basic characteristics:

1, the concentration of the industry is very high, and there has been a certain degree of monopoly, so the profit of the industry has reached a high level and the risk is low, because the market is relatively stable.

2. The barriers to entry of new enterprises are high, mainly reflected in the scale barriers, and it is difficult for new enterprises to enter mature markets.

Although the market demand is increasing, the growth rate has slowed down.

4. There is no difference between products at first, and the elasticity of demand price decreases.

5. Because of monopoly, there is usually collusion in price, but the means of competition between manufacturers and products have gradually shifted from price means to various non-price means, such as improving quality, improving performance and strengthening after-sales service.

In the mature stage, it is difficult for industrial development to keep pace with the national economy. In the macroeconomic recession, mature industries may also suffer greater losses. However, due to technological innovation, some industries may actually have new growth.

What are the structural characteristics of emerging industries compared with mature industries?

What are the structural characteristics of emerging industries compared with mature industries? (ABCD)

Technical uncertainty

Strategic uncertainty

C. Lack of uniform industrial standards

The initial cost is high, but the cost drops sharply.

Nothing higher than e

What are the promising industries now?

Ten most promising industries in the future

Ten most promising industries in the future: 1 and robot industry.

Domestic industrial robot enterprises have weak competitiveness and low domestic market share. In 20 12 years, the robot sales of Japanese Fanuc and German KUKA companies in China increased by more than 100%, and many leading international robot manufacturers that have not set up factories in China are also planning to set up factories in China. However, domestic industrial robot manufacturers are relatively weak and their market share is not high. Among them, established enterprises such as Shenyang Song Xin have developed relatively well and have certain comparative advantages. Industrial robots are mainly composed of four parts. At present, the industrial robot we are talking about is an automatic equipment that integrates mechanical, electronic, control, computer, sensor, artificial intelligence and other multidisciplinary technologies. It consists of a precision reducer, a servo motor, a control system and a main body.

At present, China's robot-related enterprises have made some achievements in R&D and core parts production, but there is still a certain gap with leading brands in Japan and Europe, and their market share is not high. In addition, the parts industry of industrial robots does not directly enjoy the benefits of the robot industry policy, but the downstream involves many application fields. With the increasing market demand, the scale of upstream industries will explode.

Top ten most promising industries in the future II. Financial industry

The financial industry is a traditional industry, and it is also a developing industry in China, which is closely related to our lives. First of all, people from all walks of life need financing. Whether it is long-term or short-term capital demand, domestic or overseas cash demand, immediate or long-term capital demand, the financial industry can meet these needs. Moreover, with the opening of China's financial industry, the entry of foreign banks and the reform of domestic financial mechanism, private financial institutions and insurance institutions will also increase, and the financial industry has a good development prospect in China. The "world" of futures is changing, the "Jianghu" of futures will also change, and the talents needed by the "Jianghu" will also change. The demand and attraction for talents in the financial futures era began to increase sharply, and the recent large-scale recruitment of futures companies is an example. In order to prepare for the continuous introduction of new futures business, futures companies have taken precautions and started the campaign of recruiting, reserving and cultivating talents. It can be said that the talents and development strategies of futures companies are undergoing major changes.

In recent years, with the internationalization of China's financial market, highly specialized talents are urgently needed. The demand of finance graduates is mainly concentrated in high-end markets, such as market research and analysis of university teachers and large companies, fund managers, investment managers, securities companies, insurance companies, trust and investment companies and so on. At present, there is a great demand for financial talents in the domestic financial market, especially nine categories of talents, such as financial analysts, financial engineers, chartered wealth managers, fund managers, actuaries, senior executives of vice presidents, audit supervisors, product developers and backstage staff (with rich experience in finance, settlement and taxation).

Ten most promising industries in the future. agriculture

China is a big agricultural country in the world, but also a relatively backward country in agriculture. In recent years, the lag of agricultural development in China has also attracted the active attention of the state, giving more support to farmers in terms of policies, funds and technology.

At present, most parts of our country are still intensive small-scale peasant management mode, especially in some underdeveloped areas. However, with the in-depth development of market economy, especially after China's entry into WTO, this model is increasingly unable to adapt to the fierce market competition because of its lack of flexibility and inefficiency, and its operation becomes difficult. This requires that the management strategy of agriculture should be comprehensively considered, a reasonable production structure should be formulated, and the variety and quantity of production should be changed in time according to the changes of the market to withstand the ups and downs of the market. Under the management mode of small-scale peasant economy, operators often only pay attention to immediate interests and decide what to produce according to the current market situation. The products are very single and the structure is very unreasonable.

To sum up the reasons, I think the income of farmers can't meet the needs of farmers. In other words, agriculture brings less profits. Many people in the industry have thought about this problem, so many farmers are thinking about innovation and reform, and how to improve farmers' efficiency. Generally speaking, China's agriculture is still very strong and developing rapidly, but there are still many shortcomings and great room for development, which depends on the efforts of future generations.

Ten most promising industries in the future. Environmental protection industry

Environmental protection industry is a new industry; First, carry out environmental protection work; Achieve sustainability ......

What are the basic systems of a mature enterprise?

This should be divided into enterprise categories, scientific research, production, trade and integration, but it is nothing more than the following six systems.

1。 Technology and design research and development system

2。 Production and quality management system

3。 Marketing and sales management system

4。 Financial management system

5。 Personnel management system

6。 Administrative management system

What is the life cycle of the industry? What are the characteristics of each?

Characteristics of each stage of industrial life cycle: 1. The initial stage (also known as infancy)

At this stage, because the new industry has just been born or newly built, only a few start-ups have invested in this emerging industry. Because of the high upfront investment and product research and development costs of the industry, the market demand for products is narrow (because the public still lacks understanding of it) and the sales income is low, these start-ups may not only lose money financially, but also generally lose money; At the same time, higher product cost and price and smaller market demand also make these startups face great investment risks. In addition, in the initial stage, enterprises may face the danger of bankruptcy due to financial difficulties, so such enterprises are more suitable for speculators than investors. During this period, the market growth rate was relatively high, the demand increased rapidly and the technology changed greatly. Users in various industries in the industry are mainly committed to exploring new users and occupying the market. But at this time, there is great technical uncertainty, and there is a lot of room for strategies such as products, markets and services. They don't have much information about industry characteristics, industry competition and user characteristics, and the barriers to entry for enterprises are very low. In the later stage of the initial stage, with the improvement of production technology, the reduction of production cost and the expansion of market demand, the new industry will gradually change from the initial stage with high risk and low income to the growth stage with high risk and high income.

Characteristics of each stage

2. Growth period

During this period, enterprises with certain marketing and financial strength gradually dominated the market. These enterprises are often large in scale and have relatively stable capital structure, so they begin to pay dividends regularly and expand their operations. In the growth stage, the products of emerging industries have been widely publicized and tried by consumers, and gradually won the welcome or preference of the public with their own characteristics. Market demand began to rise, and emerging industries also flourished. In line with the changes in market demand, supply has also undergone a series of changes. Because of the good market prospect, the number of manufacturers investing in new industries has increased greatly, and the products have gradually developed from single, low-quality and high-price to diversified, high-quality and low-price, so manufacturers and products in new industries compete with each other. This situation will last for years or decades. Therefore, this stage is sometimes called the investment opportunity period. The persistence of this situation will lead manufacturers to become increasingly saturated with the continuous development of market competition and the continuous increase of product output. Manufacturers can not simply rely on expanding production and increasing market share to increase income, but must rely on additional production, improve production technology, reduce costs and develop new products to gain competitive advantage, defeat competitors and maintain the survival of enterprises. This period is characterized by high market growth rate, rapid demand growth, gradually finalized technology, clear industrial characteristics, industrial competition and user characteristics, increased barriers to entry for enterprises, and increased product varieties and competitors.

But this method can only be achieved by well-managed enterprises with strong financial and technical strength. Those enterprises with weak financial resources and technology, poor management, or new participation (because the product cost is high or does not meet the market demand) are often eliminated or merged. Therefore, although the profits of enterprises increased rapidly during this period, they faced great competitive risks, and the bankruptcy rate and merger rate were quite high. In the later period of growth, due to the law of survival of the fittest in the competition between manufacturers and products in the industry, the number of manufacturers in the market began to stabilize after a sharp decline. Because the market demand is basically saturated, the growth rate of product sales slows down, and the opportunities for quick profit decrease, the whole industry begins to enter a stable period. In the growth stage, although the industry is still growing, the growth at this time is measurable. Because it is less affected by uncertain factors, the industry fluctuation is also small. At this time, the possibility of investors suffering from business failure and causing investment losses is greatly reduced, so the possibility of them sharing the benefits brought by industrial growth is greatly improved.

Typical product life cycle curve

Step 3: mature

The maturity of the industry is a relatively long period. During this period, a few big manufacturers who survived the competition monopolized the market of the whole industry, and each manufacturer occupied a certain proportion of the market share. Because it is evenly matched, the market share ratio changes little. The means of competition between manufacturers and products gradually shift from price means to various non-price means, such as improving quality, improving performance and strengthening after-sales maintenance service. The profit of the industry reaches a high level because of a certain degree of monopoly, while the risk is compared because of the market proportion. ......