On June 22nd, the spot price of palm oil in Tianjin fell. A local oil factory continued to stop selling. Another large local oil factory quoted 6250 yuan/ton at 24 degrees, down 150 yuan/ton from last weekend, and quoted 6 100 yuan/ton at 33 degrees, down 100 yuan/ton from last weekend. Futures prices continue to weaken recently, so we need to wait and see. Oil inventories are expected to continue to rise in the later period, and the weakness of oil prices is likely to continue until July.
(1) Nutritional components of palm oil
Palm oil is also called saturated fat because it contains 50% saturated fat. Oil is a mixture of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. The human body's digestion and absorption rate of palm oil exceeds 97%. Like all other vegetable oils, palm oil itself contains no cholesterol.
Palm oil is a highly saturated oil, and some people speculate that it may increase the cholesterol content in human serum. However, after further experiments by many experts, it was found that eating palm oil not only increased the cholesterol in serum, but also decreased it, because a large number of research data showed that different saturated fatty acids had different effects on blood lipids, palm oil was rich in neutral fatty acids, and the content of substances promoting cholesterol increase in palm oil was very small (1%). Palm oil is rich in natural vitamin E, triene tocopherol (600- 1000mg/kg), carotenoid (500-700mg/kg) and linoleic acid (10%), which is very beneficial to human health. Some researchers have studied different races (Europe, America and Asia), and the results show that palm oil is an edible vegetable oil that fully meets the needs of human health.
(B) the main uses of palm oil
Palm oil has two characteristics. First, it contains more saturated fatty acids, has good stability and is not easy to be oxidized and deteriorated. Secondly, palm oil is rich in vitamin A(500-700ppm) and vitamin E(500-800ppm). Separating palm oil, and separating solid fat from liquid oil, wherein the solid fat can be used as chocolate to replace expensive cocoa butter; Liquid oil is used for cold salad, stir-fry or stir-fry and has a light and refreshing taste. The soap industry uses a lot of unseparated palm oil. The soap produced by palm oil has long-lasting foam and strong decontamination ability. Palm oil can also be used to tinplate and roll aluminum foil. Therefore, palm oil is widely used in catering, food manufacturing and oil industry all over the world.
1. Application of Palm Oil in Catering Industry
History shows that palm oil has been used in catering for more than 5000 years. Compared with other edible oils and fats, palm oil products show greater advantages in frying and barbecue foods, which are mainly due to the following three reasons:
(1) Unique good oxidation resistance (frying resistance): This is mainly because palm oil has moderate unsaturation and contains no linolenic acid. Rich natural vitamin E and triene tocopherol are natural and efficient antioxidants, which makes palm oil more suitable for frying and barbecue foods than other oils.
(2) It is composed of rich fatty acids: palm oil contains 50% unsaturated fatty acids, has no trans-acid, and is not easy to polymerize with acids.
(3) Economy: The cost of oil has always been an important consideration for the catering industry to choose frying and barbecue oil. Oil palm is a high-yield perennial oil plant, which can be harvested for about 20 years once planted. The annual oil output per unit area is much higher than that of other vegetable oils, and the output is relatively stable, which makes palm oil the most price-competitive edible vegetable oil in the world. Oil palm is the most productive oil crop. One hectare of land produces an average of 3.5 tons of palm oil and 0.4 tons of palm kernel oil every year. Its production efficiency is much higher than that of similar vegetable oil, which also means that the output of palm oil per hectare is 9- 10 times that of soybean.
At present, the main index of edible refined palm oil in China is that the melting point does not exceed 24℃-33℃. It is used for cooking and frying food (bread, biscuits, etc.). ), and the annual demand accounts for the vast majority of imports.
2. Application of palm oil in food industry
Palm oil is generally processed into shortening, margarine, hydrogenated palm oil, frying oil and special oil in food industry. Like other edible oils, palm oil is easy to digest and absorb, which promotes health. Palm oil is an important component of fat, which is mild in nature and a good material for making food. Judging from the composition of palm oil, its high solid glycerol content keeps food stable without hydrogenation, which effectively resists oxidation. It is also suitable for hot climate and becomes a good seasoning for cakes and baked products. Because of these characteristics, palm oil is deeply loved by food manufacturing industry.
(1) ghee: Unlike margarine, ghee is 80% oil and 20% water, while ghee is 100% pure oil. There are many kinds of shortening. Strictly speaking, every food needs special shortening, but there are also general shortening suitable for many foods, which are usually used for frying and baking foods, such as French fries, cakes, biscuits, sandwich cakes and bread. Usually, shortening needs to be matched with different ingredients in the production and use process, so it can be applied to different products, such as ice cream and biscuits with different tastes.
(2) Margarine: Margarine is an emulsion composed of water and oil. Margarine was originally developed to imitate butter, and now it has formed many types of products, among which palm liquid oil is suitable for making liquid margarine, and palm stearin is more suitable for making solid margarine.
(3) Hydrogenated palm oil: Hydrogenated palm oil has a wide market in India, Pakistan and Middle East countries, and these markets usually regard it as a cream product.
(4) Frying oil: This is one of the most extensive uses of palm oil in the food industry, mainly because it has good oxidation resistance (its rich tocopherol is a natural and efficient antioxidant), is not easy to polymerize with acid, and has a healthy fatty acid composition (50% unsaturated fatty acid, without trans acid). In the production of instant noodles in most countries, including China, palm products are mostly used for fried cakes. In China market, some fried foods with local characteristics (such as fried breakfast and fried snacks) have also begun to be made from palm products.
(5) Special oils and fats: Palm oil and palm kernel oil are ideal raw materials for producing special oils and fats, which are mainly used in the production of candy, especially chocolate food. Among them, palm kernel stearin is also called cocoa butter substitute because its physical properties are very close to cocoa butter.
Palm oil is more and more widely used in food industry, mainly because it has good natural oxidation resistance, unique physical characteristics, nutrients suitable for human health and obvious economy. With the continuous efforts of oil research institutions, palm oil will be more widely used in various fields of food industry.