General PVC consumer enterprises purchase PVC raw materials in the market, produce PVC series products through deep processing, and then make profits by selling them in the market. The main risks faced by such enterprises in production and operation are:
1, raw material procurement risk: the price of PVC is affected by market fluctuation, which leads to the instability of raw material procurement price of consumer enterprises, especially in the face of large annual orders, which is risky. For PVC consumer enterprises, raw material procurement is a dilemma. If enterprises purchase PVC in large quantities in order to maintain stable production and prevent the price of raw materials from rising, they may face the risk of falling product prices and losing money in production and operation when selling products. At the same time, the massive purchase of raw materials also consumes a certain storage cost. On the other hand, if the purchase quantity of PVC is insufficient or not, there may be the danger of reducing production and production.
When the market price of raw materials falls, enterprises often encounter the situation of purchasing even if they lose money. If you don't purchase raw materials or buy less, the needs of customers will not be guaranteed, which will lead to the loss of customers and affect the sales performance of enterprises. At the same time, enterprises and raw material manufacturers often sign supply and demand contracts, and the purchase quantity is determined. Enterprises will not only be punished with huge liquidated damages, but also suffer credit losses. Therefore, enterprises have to purchase raw materials according to the agreement and bear the corresponding risks. The more they produce, the more they lose.
2. Product sales risk: After processing raw materials, PVC consumer enterprises can only make profits if the products are sold successfully. The market has the mentality of buying up and not buying down. Of course, when the product price is high, the resistance of downstream enterprises to high prices still exists. Product prices have fallen, and downstream enterprises are cautious in purchasing. At this point, the profits of enterprises have been squeezed by the decline in product prices. If the resale is not smooth, the profit target will be difficult to achieve.
In view of the above common problems, enterprises can't help out of the predicament only through spot operation, but through futures hedging, the above risks can be solved.
Second, how do PVC consumer enterprises avoid risks?
At the end of 2065438+0110, the spot price of PVC began to rise, and pre-holiday stocking will gradually begin. PVC consumer enterprises expect that this trend will continue, and there will be PVC consumption plans in the future. Due to the limited inventory space of the workshop, it is not suitable for large-scale procurement now, which takes up a lot of working capital, which is not conducive to the normal production and operation of enterprises and the storage cost is not small. Because of the existence of PVC futures, enterprises can buy hedging in the futures market and lock in costs. The specific operation steps are as follows: 20 1 1 year 165438+ 10. The spot price is expected to rise in late October, and the futures market is also showing an upward trend. PVC consumer enterprises bought 300 lots of V 1205 in the futures market at the price of 6580 yuan/ton on the 24th, and the spot market price at this time was 6450 yuan/ton.
1 month later, the spot market price rose to 6600 yuan/ton as scheduled. Without the operation of the futures market, the production cost of enterprises will rise, but the futures price will also rise at this time. Enterprises can buy spot 1500 tons and close futures at a relatively high price.