When I asked him how to spend his money every month and if he had a financial plan.
He looked at me in surprise. "What is financial management?"
Every penny we earn is the realization of cognition.
Every penny you earn is your realization of world knowledge, and every penny you lose is due to your deficiency of world knowledge. Unless you rely on luck, you will never earn money beyond your cognitive range, but it is inevitable that the money earned by luck will often be lost by strength in the end.
So what tools are available for investment and financial management? Which financial instruments have high risk and low risk?
After counting, investment tools are always divided into four categories:
The first category is risk-free financial management tools.
Treasury bonds, time deposits, reverse repurchase of treasury bonds, money funds and bank financing (principal-guaranteed)
These five financial tools are risk-free and can bring continuous cash flow, but the yield is relatively low, generally 2%-5%.
If you have 65,438+00,000 spare cash now and put it in the current account of the bank, the annual interest is only about 35 yuan; If you put it in Yu 'ebao, the annual interest will be around 200 yuan; If you put it in the money fund+national debt reverse repurchase, the annual interest can be around 500 yuan. If your capital exceeds10,000,10,000,200,000?
The reverse repurchase of national debt is essentially a national debt mortgage loan. People who have national debt in their hands but are short of money mortgage national debt to borrow money. A has 654.38+ten thousand yuan, and B has 1 1 ten thousand yuan of national debt. Party B mortgaged 1 10000 national debt, and Party A lent Party B 100000 yuan, if Party B does not pay back the money at maturity. Then 1 10000 national debt will be sold and returned to A, so national debt is risk-free. Sometimes the market is short of money, and the annual interest rate of 7-day national debt reverse repurchase may be as high as 20%. From 2065438 to July 2008, the annual interest rate of reverse repurchase of national debt was as high as 10%, which was a risk-free income.
Monetary Fund, also known as "Turkey", there is a kind of monetary fund that many people must have heard of and even bought, and that is Yu 'ebao. Usually, if you buy money into the money fund, you can get a risk-free income of about 4% every year. When the proceeds from the reverse repurchase of treasury bonds are as high as 10%, you can sell the fund and buy the reverse repurchase of treasury bonds, so you can get higher returns.
The second category is low-risk financial management tools.
Low risk, medium income. Graded fund a, convertible bonds, bond funds, stock index funds. The annualized rate of return is between 6%- 15%.
Low risk, high return. Money-making asset stocks, real estate investment trusts, real estate. The annualized rate of return is above 15%.
In the past, people's cognition of investment was low risk and low return, high risk and high return.
I want to say that this is a wrong cognition. Low risk can also have high returns, and high risk is more likely to have high losses.
A buys 654.38+100000 shares of money-making asset type, with an annual dividend of 654.38+100000. Even if the stock falls by 50%, the market value is still 50 thousand. But A still gets a dividend of 1.5 million every year. Money-making asset stocks have gains both in ups and downs. Low risk can also be high income.
B bought 654.38 million p2p, with an annualized rate of return of 20%. Looking at the high rate of return, the P2P platform closed down after half a year, with a direct loss of 65,438+10,000. High risk is not necessarily high income, but more likely to be high loss.
The higher the annual dividend yield, the better for stocks with profitable asset types and stocks with continuous dividends. Assuming that the dividend yield of A shares is 9.29%, the dividend yield is the annual cash dividend yield, plus the price increase income, it is normal that the annualized rate of return exceeds 15%.
For REITS with profitable assets, the law stipulates that REITS should distribute at least 90% of their net profit to investors every year.
The essence of REITS is to invest in real estate, which can be operated as low as several hundred yuan, and REITS will soon be introduced to China.
The graded fund A is a fund that lends money to the graded fund B to collect interest, and the graded fund B repays the principal and interest of A with its own principal as a guarantee. The annualized rate of return of general graded fund A can reach 8%- 15%.
Convertible bonds, bonds that can be converted into stocks, are an investment tool with guaranteed income and no upper limit. Generally, the annualized rate of return can reach 10%-20% for purchases below 90 yuan.
The third category is medium-risk financial management tools.
Gold, bank wealth management (non-guaranteed), stocks of other asset types, and enterprises with profitable asset types.
Gold, buy low and sell high, does not bring cash flow, but there is great uncertainty about the price rise and fall.
The fourth category is high-risk financial management tools.
P2P, private equity funds, bitcoin, collectibles, real estate that can't bring cash flow, futures.
P2P is not a formal financial management tool traded on national exchanges, which is risky.
Futures, a standardized contract traded on the futures exchange, does not generate cash flow, but can only make money by the future price difference, which is highly leveraged and risky.
After the epidemic, many people feel financial crisis, middle-aged crisis and even bankruptcy. I hope everyone can realize the importance of non-wage income to themselves, plan ahead, guard against the future and control their lives.
Pay attention to small points and share different financial dry goods every day. If you have any questions, please leave a message, private letter, comment and discuss.