by the beginning of 1997, 1,834 iron ore areas had been explored in China, and the accumulated proven iron ore reserves were 5.48 billion tons. After deducting the mining and losses over the years, the iron ore reserves were 46.35 billion tons. Among them, there are 11 large-scale mining areas with a reserve of more than 1 million tons, with a total reserve of 31.56 billion tons, accounting for 68.1% of the retained reserves; There are 47 medium-sized mining areas with reserves of 1 million to 1 million tons, with a total reserve of 12.66 billion tons, accounting for 27.3%; There are 1263 small mining areas with reserves less than 1 million tons, with reserves of 2.13 billion tons, accounting for 4.6%. The list is as follows: Number of mining areas (locations) Proportion (%) Reserves (1 million tons) Proportion (%) Large mining areas 115.5315.668.1 Medium mining areas 4725.6126.627.3 Small mining areas 126368.921.34.6 Total 18341.463. Liaoning has the largest reserves (11.181 billion tons), followed by Hebei (6.236 billion tons) and Sichuan (5.332 billion tons). The total reserves of the above three provinces are 22.749 billion tons, accounting for 49.1% of the national reserves. There are 8 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions with reserves of more than 1 billion tons, including Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Yunnan and Beijing, and the reserves of other provinces and autonomous regions are less than 1 billion tons. The proven iron ore reserves are mainly concentrated in eight areas: Anshan-Benxi, Jidong-Miyun, Panzhihua-Xichang, Wutai-Lvliang, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Baotou Baiyun Obo, Luzhong and Handan-Xingtai. These eight regions have a total reserve of 3.4 billion tons, accounting for 65.6% of the national reserves, and have become an important raw material base for iron and steel enterprises in China. (1) Anshan-Benxi area is the largest iron ore raw material base in China at present. Anshan-type sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit. During the period of the puppet regime, this area only had an estimated reserve of 44 million tons. After liberation, after decades of hard work by Anshan metallurgical geological team, * * * discovered and explored 53 large, medium and small mining areas, with accumulated proven reserves of 12.5 billion tons and current reserves of 1.65 billion tons. At present, the large-scale iron mines are Qidashan, Dagushan, Donganshan, Qianqian Mountain, Gongchangling, Nanfen, Waitoushan and Beitai Iron Mines. In addition, there are a number of large and medium-sized iron mines available for construction. It provides a reliable iron ore raw material base for Angang, Benxi Steel and local iron and steel enterprises. (2) Jidong-Miyun area in Beijing belongs to Anshan type sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit. Since the 195s, * * * has discovered and explored more than 8 large, medium and small mining areas, and now has 5.81 billion tons of reserves, of which more than half are proved by metallurgical geological teams. The key mines currently mined are Qian 'an Waterworks, Dashihe, Bangmoshan, Shirengou and Qinglong Miaogou in Zunhua, Miyun Iron Mine in Beijing, etc., as well as a large number of locally mined iron ores, which are important iron ore raw material bases for Shougang and Tangshan Iron and Steel Corporation. (3) Panzhihua-Xichang area belongs to heteromorphic vanadium-titanium magnetite deposit in late magmatic stage. In the early 195s, after preliminary investigation, it was estimated that the iron ore reserves were above 1 million tons. Since 1955, 66 large, medium and small iron ore areas have been discovered and explored by the geological team of the former Ministry of Geology, with 5.16 billion tons of reserves, 12.8 million tons of V2O5 reserves and 33 million tons of TiO2 reserves. The metallurgical geological team also found out some small and medium-sized iron mines in Huili area. At present, the key iron mines are Zhujiabaobao, Lanjian and Xichang Taihe iron mines in Panzhihua, as well as small and medium-sized mines in some places. In addition, there are large iron mines such as Baima and Hongge to be developed and utilized. (4) Wutai-Luliang area belongs to Anshan type sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit. Since 1955, * * * has discovered and explored more than 3 iron ore areas, and now has 3.8 billion tons of reserves, of which 6% are proved by metallurgical geological teams. At present, the reserves of ***1 iron mines, including Ekou and Jianshan, are basically discovered by metallurgical geological teams, which have contributed to the production and development of TISCO and local mining industries. (5) The iron deposits in Ningwu area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are porphyrite iron deposits in continental volcanic rocks. Since 1954, * * * has discovered and explored 8 iron ore areas, with 2.14 billion tons of reserves, of which the reserves discovered by metallurgical geological teams account for about 5%. At present, the key mines being mined and under construction are Meishan, Aoshan, Gushan, Taochong and Gaocun, and a large number of local small and medium-sized mines. This area is the iron ore raw material base of Shanghai Meishan and Maanshan iron and steel enterprises, and provides iron ore resources for local iron and steel enterprises such as Nanjing and Wuhu. The iron deposits in eastern Hubei are mainly contact metasomatic and hydrothermal iron deposits, and there are Huangmei sedimentary reformed iron deposits in Carboniferous-Permian strata. Since 1952, * * * has discovered and explored 82 iron ore areas with 57 million tons of reserves, of which 7% were discovered by metallurgical geological teams. At present, the key mines are Tieshan, Chengchao, Jinshandian, Lingxiang and a large number of local iron mines. Provide iron ore resources for WISCO and local steel enterprises. (6) The mine is divided into main mine, east mine and west mine in Baiyun Obo area of Baotou. Since the exploration in 1952, after years of efforts, the main ore and the east ore have been basically explored, the west ore has been evaluated, and the iron ore reserves of * * * have been 927 million tons, and the prospective reserves of rare earth oxides and niobium oxides have been calculated, which has provided reliable iron ore resources for the production and construction of Baotou Steel. In 1978, according to the demand of expanding the production and construction scale of Baotou Steel, the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry organized a metallurgical geological team to explore the West Mine. After more than two years of struggle, it increased to 88 million tons on the basis of the original 268 million tons of reserves of the West Mine, and also submitted a geological exploration report approved by the National Reserve Committee? /font> (7) Three iron ore areas in central Shandong, including Jinan, Zibo and Laiwu, belong to contact metasomatic iron deposits. Since the 195s, * * * has discovered and explored more than 4 iron ore areas, with 1.1 billion tons of reserves, of which 49% are discovered by metallurgical geological teams. At present, there are two key mines being mined and five local key mines. It is the main supply base of iron ore for Jigang, Laigang and Zhangdian iron and steel enterprises. (8) Handan-Xingtai area belongs to contact metasomatic iron deposit. Since 1953, the accumulated proven reserves are 878 million tons, of which 8% are discovered by metallurgical geological teams. At present, there are 8 mines under production and construction, and county-run mines and group mining sites are scattered. It is the supply base of iron ore raw materials for Hangang and Xinggang. In addition to the above-mentioned important iron ore areas, the metallurgical geological team has successively carried out geological exploration in the iron ore areas such as Jinnan, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Chaoyang, Tonghua, Hanzhong, Zhashui, Jiuquan, Hami, central Yunnan, northern Guangdong, Xinyu, southern Fujian and eastern Hunan, and proved certain reserves, which has made contributions to the development of iron and steel industry in these areas. 2. Ore Quality and Type The iron content of China's iron ore is low, with an average of about 32%, mainly lean ore, with less rich ore directly charged into the furnace and more multicomponent * * * (associated) raw iron ore, which is the basic feature of China's iron ore resources. Among the 46.35 billion tons of iron ore reserves, the lean ore is 45.18 billion tons, accounting for 97.5% of the retained reserves; The average grade of iron is about 55%, and 1.17 billion tons of rich ore can be directly put into the furnace, accounting for 2.5%. There are many multicomponent * * * (associated) raw iron ores, and their reserves account for about 1/3 of the retained reserves. The main * * * (associated) components are vanadium, titanium, rare earth, niobium, copper, tin, molybdenum, lead, zinc, cobalt, gold, uranium, boron and sulfur, such as Panzhihua, Baiyunebo, Daye, Jinling, Dading, Wengquangou and other mining areas. The comprehensive utilization of this kind of deposits has good economic benefits, so we should continue to strengthen the research on beneficiation and metallurgy technology to improve the comprehensive recovery rate. There are many types of ore deposits and complex ore types. All the genetic types of iron ore discovered in the world have been found in China and some reserves have been proved. The proportion of reserves of various types of iron ore is as follows: deposit type reserves (1 million tons) accounts for the total proportion (%). Sedimentary metamorphic type 269.458.1 Late magmatic type 55.612. contact metasomatic type 54.711.8 sedimentary type 41.79. volcanic type 22.24.8 weathering and leaching type 4.61. other 15.3. Among the reserves, The composition ratio of all kinds of ores is as follows: ore type reserves (1 million tons) ratio (%) magnetite ore 257.255.5 vanadium-titanium magnetite ore 66.714.4 hematite ore 83.418. siderite ore 15.83.4 brown iron ore 1.72.3 specularite ore 5.11.1 mixed ore 24.65. Development and utilization of iron ore Among the 1834 mining areas in China, 552 mining areas have been developed and utilized, with a total reserve of 16.89 billion tons, of which 12.24 billion tons are available for open-pit mining, accounting for 72.5% of the developed mining areas. The reserves available for underground mining are 4.65 billion tons, accounting for 27.5%. See the following table for details: number of mining areas (places) comparison example (%) reserves (1 million tons) comparison example (%) recoverable reserves (1 million tons) total 552,1.168.91.55 Open mining.55555555656 The pit mining reserves are 4.1 billion tons, accounting for 31.3%. See the following table for details: the number of mining areas (locations) compared with the example (%) storage (1 million tons) compared with the example (%) recoverable reserves (1 million tons) totaling 448,1.131.11.6. Open pit mining 1635.79.168.744..3864.3488886 The important large-scale mining areas are Sijiaying and Mengjiagou in Hebei, Zhaocun in Shanxi, Bayan Oboxi Mine in Inner Mongolia, Sanheming, Yangjiaqiao in Jiangxi, Tieshan in Wuyang, Henan, Jingshan Temple, Hongge and Baima in Sichuan. Among the 288 underground mining sites, there are 5 large mining sites, 83 medium mining sites and 2 small mining sites. Important large-scale mining areas include Laiwu Gangli in Shandong, Luohe in Lujiang, Anhui, Zhangzhuang in Huoqiu, Lilou and Tadong in Dunhua, Jilin. There are 834 mining areas that are temporarily difficult to use, with a total reserve of 16.35 billion tons, accounting for 35.3% of the retained reserves. The main reason why it is difficult to use ore for the time being is that it is difficult to separate ore. Complex hydrological conditions, high mining cost and poor traffic conditions. There are about 1, mining areas that have been produced and can be used for planning, with a total reserve of about 3 billion tons, including 11.5 billion tons of recoverable reserves. It is estimated that the annual output of ore is about 25 million tons, which can only meet the domestic demand of 6% ~ 7%. < /FONT>