Keywords: mangshi; Foreign trade; Opportunity; challenge
20 1 1 On May 6th, 2008, the State Council officially issued the opinion of "Supporting Yunnan Province to Accelerate the Construction of an Important Bridgehead Opening to the Southwest", and the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan also proposed to build Yunnan into an important bridgehead opening to the southwest. Mangshi, located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, is the capital of Dehong Prefecture. It has a special political and geographical position and obvious geographical advantages, and is the window of western Yunnan. It is an inevitable choice for mangshi to seize the great historical opportunity of the country's new round of western development and bridgehead construction and realize the healthy, sustained and stable development of mangshi's foreign trade. At the same time, mangshi should also see many challenges in the process of promoting foreign trade.
I. Overview of mangshi's Foreign Trade
Mangshi is adjacent to Myanmar, with a border of 68.3 kilometers. For a long time, the border people have a long history of mutual market. In recent years, mangshi's foreign trade has developed greatly. In 2006-20 1 1 year, the import and export volume was 486 million yuan, 61900 million yuan, 811000 million yuan, 909 million yuan,1202 million yuan and 650 million yuan respectively. ① Affected by the European debt crisis and the turmoil in northern Myanmar, the total import and export volume in the first half of 20 12 was 798,892,800 yuan, down 15.34% year-on-year.
Second, mangshi's foreign trade opportunities
Under the current new situation, mangshi faces many opportunities to develop its foreign trade.
(A) the national strategic adjustment has improved the infrastructure construction in mangshi and ushered in a wider range of preferential policies.
Marked by the global financial crisis triggered by the American subprime mortgage crisis in 2007 and the European debt crisis in recent years, the western economy is mired in a quagmire and trade protectionism is on the rise again. In addition, the rapid economic growth in China has brought huge demand for resources and products, so China must make strategic adjustments to seek and explore new markets. Therefore, the state proposes to implement a new round of western development strategy and build a bridgehead golden port. The in-depth implementation of the new round of western development strategy will surely drive mangshi to make a new round of large-scale investment and development, build an important bridgehead for China's opening to the southwest, vigorously promote Ruili's key development and opening-up experimental zone, and the relevant infrastructure must keep up, which will inevitably give policy and financial support to the border areas, such as the start of major projects such as Longrui Expressway, Darrouy Railway and China-Myanmar oil and gas pipeline, so as to improve the infrastructure construction in mangshi and gradually ease the development bottleneck restricting mangshi's foreign trade.
(two) to undertake the industrial transfer in the east and promote the structural adjustment of trade products.
Due to the needs of national industrial restructuring, rising labor costs, scarcity of land resources and ecological protection, labor-intensive industries and enterprises with high pollution and high consumption in coastal developed areas are no longer allowed to continue to develop locally, so they are carrying out industrial ladder transfer, and the trend of eastern capital entering the west is increasing day by day, which provides a great opportunity for mangshi to speed up industrial restructuring, cultivate and expand characteristic and advantageous industries, and further promote the structural adjustment of foreign trade products.
(3) mangshi Airport's application for international port airport has been included in the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
On April 27th, 20 12, with the approval of the State Council, mangshi airport has been formally and explicitly included in the national 12th five-year plan for port development, and mangshi airport has been included in the opening-up plan for 20 13. Building mangshi Port into an international port airport is beneficial to the country's "southward strategy". With the further expansion of China-Myanmar cooperation in energy, minerals, transportation, agriculture and other fields, mangshi will welcome a large number of people and logistics, thus promoting the further development of China-Myanmar trade. At the same time, it also broke through the limitation of long distance between the original central city and land transportation, and eased the restriction of small market space in mangshi.
(d) China enjoys good relations with ASEAN countries.
In China's foreign strategy, the periphery is the first. Yunnan is connected by mountains and rivers with ASEAN countries, and mangshi borders Myanmar. The relationship between China and ASEAN is directly related to mangshi's foreign trade. Although there are still some contradictions between China and ASEAN countries, the friendly relations between China and ASEAN countries are still the mainstream. On the economic level, ASEAN countries hope to strengthen economic and trade exchanges, so as to enhance the scale and level of economic and trade cooperation with China. Based on this, if mangshi can effectively participate in the economic and trade cooperation between China and ASEAN, it will certainly promote the all-round development of mangshi's foreign trade.
Third, mangshi's foreign trade challenges
The implementation of the new round of western development strategy, the construction of bridgehead golden port and the transfer of eastern industries to the west have provided opportunities for mangshi to carry out foreign trade. At the same time, mangshi's foreign trade is also facing many challenges.
(a) Competition from other regions
Facing the new opportunities brought by the national strategic adjustment, mangshi is facing the competition from other regions while grasping the opportunities. Mangshi is located in the border area of Yunnan, with relatively backward economy, relatively simple industrial structure, relatively simple export product structure and relatively small market capacity. Facing the competition from neighboring provinces (such as Guangxi Province) and cities (such as Ruili City) to undertake industrial transfer and attract investment in the east.
(2) The recovery of the world economy is slow, and the European debt crisis is still spreading.
Since the beginning of this year, affected by the European debt crisis, futures prices in the international market have fallen by 35% compared with last year. In addition, due to the economic downturn in the euro zone, the demand for products has decreased, and the export of local self-operated products such as coffee and metal silicon has fallen sharply compared with the same period last year. The most influential is Hougu Coffee, with the transaction volume reduced by 200 million yuan or 64.29% compared with last year. Almost all silicon production enterprises are in a state of suspension to avoid losses.
(3) The situation in Myanmar is still not really stable.
Mangshi borders Myanmar, and its border trade accounts for a large proportion (20 1 1 accounting for 64%). The unstable situation in Myanmar will directly affect mangshi's foreign trade. First of all, the conflict between the new Myanmar government and the civilian military has not been completely resolved, and the unstable domestic situation in Myanmar will inevitably affect its overall economic development level, thus affecting its demand structure and demand for products. Second, although the new Myanmar government has reached an agreement to allow its autonomy based on domestic and foreign pressure and military and civilian forces, it is not clear how much power they have within their jurisdiction, which has increased the business risks and political risks of enterprises, which has also formed the resistance of mangshi to carry out border trade. In the first half of 20 12, due to the turmoil in northern Myanmar, foreign trade routes at Yingjiang Port and Zhangfeng Port were interrupted, and foreign trade enterprises in mangshi basically carried out trade business in other counties and cities, which was greatly affected, resulting in a sharp drop in the total import and export volume.
(4) The foreign trade infrastructure is weak, and the goal of improving port (passage) facilities construction is arduous and the task is significant.
Although mangshi has a border of 68.23 kilometers, there are no national first-class ports and designated customs channels at present. Most enterprises rely on ports in other counties and cities to carry out their business, which directly increases the operating costs of enterprises, seriously restricts and affects the development of foreign trade, and is not conducive to expanding opening up. At present, the city is actively carrying out the declaration of mangshi Airport's opening to the outside world and the construction of Manghai Passage. However, the goal and task of improving port (passage) facilities is arduous.
In addition, the overall strength of foreign trade enterprises is weak and the trade structure is single. At present, the border trade in this city is dominated by private enterprises, with small scale and weak ability to resist risks. At the same time, most of them are scattered and extensive, and the development has not yet formed a joint force. In addition, most of the trade targets are developing countries, with relatively backward economy and limited market capacity. Moreover, among the foreign trade enterprises registered in the city, 24 enterprises (or self-employed) are production and processing enterprises, involving wood, cement, imported rubber, sugar cane replacement, tea, coffee, metal silicon and other processing industries. Due to the adjustment of export tax rebate policy, the increase of production cost, the restriction of industry loans, the lack of funds and foreign trade management talents, some self-operated enterprises are unable to carry out import and export business, and most self-operated products cannot be declared for export by themselves.
In short, under the new situation, mangshi's foreign trade is both an opportunity and a challenge. I believe that with the efforts of the government and enterprises, mangshi will firmly seize the opportunity, calmly meet the challenges, and achieve the goal of doubling the total foreign trade of 20 14.
Precautions:
① The data comes from mangshi Yearbook.
References:
[1] Cai Sihong. Strive to promote the scientific development of New mangshi [J]. Life of Yunnan Party, 20 1 1, (12).
About the author: Yang Bingqun (1986.2-), female, from Putian, Fujian, is a 20 10 graduate student of School of Economics, Tianjin Normal University, mainly engaged in world economic research; Shine Wong (1982.6-), female, from Liaocheng, Shandong Province, is a 20 10 graduate student of School of Economics, Tianjin Normal University, mainly engaged in world economic research.