According to whether fund units can be increased or redeemed, they can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not listed and traded, but are generally purchased and redeemed by banks, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration, and the fund size is fixed during the duration. Generally listed on the stock exchange, investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. At present, China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
According to the different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.
According to different investors, it can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds and futures funds.
Buying a fund is very simple. You can trade it in the securities hall, that is, the secondary market, just like ordinary stock investment. It can also be purchased through a bank that cooperates with the fund. Many banks have fund sales, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and China Construction Bank. If you want to buy it, you can ask about the relevant expenses and interest ratio in detail; Then study the internal situation and past performance of fund management companies.
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3. Foreign exchange has two meanings: dynamic foreign exchange refers to the behavior that people exchange one currency for another to pay off international creditor's rights and debts. The concept of foreign exchange in this sense is equivalent to international settlement.
In the static sense, foreign exchange can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense:
Static foreign exchange in a broad sense refers to all assets expressed in foreign currency. This concept is widely used in the foreign exchange management laws of China and other countries. For example, in China, according to the revised Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of People's Republic of China (PRC) issued by 19971October 20th, foreign exchange refers to:
(1) foreign currency, including banknotes and coins;
(2) Foreign currency payment vouchers, including bills, bank deposit vouchers and postal savings vouchers;
(3) Foreign currency securities, including government bonds, corporate bonds and stocks. ;
(4) Special Drawing Rights and European Monetary Units;
(5) Other foreign exchange assets. In this sense, foreign exchange is a foreign currency asset.
Foreign exchange in a narrow sense refers to the means of payment expressed in foreign currency that can be used for international settlement. In this sense, only foreign currency funds deposited in foreign banks and foreign currency bills that concretize bank deposit claims constitute foreign exchange, mainly including bank drafts, checks, bank deposits, etc. This is the usual concept of foreign exchange.
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Four. According to Article 2 of China's Trust Law, the definition of trust refers to the act that the trustor entrusts his property right to the trustee based on his trust in the trustee, and the trustee manages or disposes in his own name for the benefit of the beneficiary or for a specific purpose according to the wishes of the trustor. In short, trust is a kind of property management system. The property owner transfers or sets the property to the manager, who manages or disposes of the property for the benefit or purpose of a certain person. Therefore, the definition of trust mainly includes four meanings:
1. The trustor trusts the trustee. The trustor's trust in the trustee is the foundation of the trust relationship.
2. The client entrusts the property right to the trustee. Trust is a legal relationship with trust property as the core, and trust property is the first element to establish a trust. Without specific trust property, a trust cannot be established. Therefore, on the basis of trust trustee, the client must entrust his property rights to the trustee.
3. The trustee manages and disposes of the trust property in his own name. After the trustor entrusts the trust property to the trustee, it has no direct control over the trust property, and the trustee manages or disposes of the trust property entirely in his own name, without resorting to the names of the trustor and the beneficiary, which is an important feature of the trust.
4. The largest trust affairs in interest management in which the trustee is the beneficiary. It is precisely because the trustee is trusted by the principal that once the trustee accepts the entrustment, he should handle the trust affairs faithfully, cautiously and dutifully, and manage and dispose of the trust property, which is called trust and loyalty. For the trustee who violates this trust, the Trust Law stipulates strict liability.
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Five, the stock is a stock certificate issued by a joint stock limited company to investors when raising capital. Stock represents the ownership of its holder (that is, shareholder) to a joint-stock company. This kind of ownership is a comprehensive right, such as attending the shareholders' meeting, voting, and participating in major decisions of the company. Receive dividends or share dividends, etc. Every stock in the same category represents the equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of shares held by each shareholder to the total share capital of the company. Generally, stocks can be traded and transferred with compensation, and shareholders can recover their investment through stock transfer, but they cannot ask the company to return their investment. The relationship between shareholders and the company is not a creditor-debtor relationship. Shareholders are the owners of the company, and are limited by their capital contribution, taking risks and sharing profits.
Stock is the product of socialized mass production and has a history of nearly 400 years. As the fruits of human civilization, joint-stock system and stock are equally applicable to China's socialist market economy. Enterprises can raise funds for production and operation by issuing shares to the public. By controlling majority ownership, the state can control more resources with the same funds. Currently in Shanghai. Most companies listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange are state-owned holding companies.
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As for the purchase, income and so on, it depends on the individual's economy and strength. To paraphrase: the stock market is risky, so be cautious when entering the market.