1. Workers
Laborers are people who actually work in the production process, including workers, farmers and technicians. They participate in production activities and create value by paying their own labor.
2. Means of production
The means of production refers to the materials and tools that workers use to transform their labor objects in the production process. The means of production include land, buildings, machinery and equipment, raw materials, etc. They are the material basis of labor and provide workers with places and tools to show their labor.
3. Labor object
The object of labor refers to the goods or products transformed through labor that are directly influenced and changed by workers in the production process. The object of labor can be crops in farmland or raw materials and finished products in factories. Through the processing and value-added of the labor object, the workers turn it into useful goods or services.
4. The role of production relations
The relationship of production refers to the relationship between workers and means of production, which determines the status and rights of workers in the production process. The nature of production relations directly affects the nature of social and economic system. For example, the relations of production in capitalist society are based on the private possession of the means of production, and workers can only exchange their own labor for the conditions of survival and development.
5. Changes in production relations
With the development of society and the progress of technology, the relations of production are constantly developing and changing. For example, in the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society, farmers, as laborers, gradually separated from the means of production and became the working class; Under the socialist system, the means of production have realized public ownership, and workers enjoy more rights and interests.
The three elements of production relations-laborer, means of production and object of labor-constitute the indispensable basic elements in the production process. Laborers use the means of production to transform the object of labor, creating social wealth and value.
At the same time, the nature of production relations also directly affects the nature of social and economic system and the status of workers. With the development of society, the relations of production are constantly changing and evolving to meet the social needs and development direction in different periods.