In addition to strength, financial capital is also characterized by greed. Companies like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley were underwriters when Microsoft, Google and Yahoo went public, and then shareholders. If they encounter a split or merger, they will also be the protagonists in the capital operation game. Investment banks are compared to "trumpeters" because they can create bubbles by touting some technology companies, which is conducive to the prosperity of new industries. "Trumpeter" is obviously not a commendatory term. From killing to suppressing technology companies, the change is only between thoughts.
America's financial system
In President Washington's cabinet, what really understands finance is that alexander hamilton, the first US Treasury Secretary, laid the foundation for the US financial system. The finance minister who died young realized the importance of nationalization of financial power. Under his leadership, the United States established a financial system under the unified management of the Ministry of Finance, as well as the early central bank (the first bank of the United States) and the state-owned mint.
For a long time until the beginning of the 20th century, there was no central bank in America! In the past 100 years, American private banks have made great progress and laid the foundation for today's American banking industry.
America has no money and is heavily in debt. This means the government, not private banks and enterprises. In fact, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the US government has had little money. For many things, it is better to consult with big companies and banks than with the US government.
Under the leadership of JPMorgan Chase and the support of President Wilson, the United States established the Federal Reserve system, which is called the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve consists of seven regional federal reserve banks, which is a government department registered as a private company. Its chairman is appointed by the President of the United States.
American financial company
1. Commercial bank, which is the most familiar traditional bank. Almost all domestic banks, including the four major commercial banks, belong to this category. In the United States, the famous commercial banks include Citibank, Wells Fargo, Bank of JPMorgan Chase (formerly Chase Manhattan Bank) and Bank of America, all of which are or used to be companies in the Dow Jones 30 industrial indexes. 2. Investment companies, although they used to be called investment banks or investment banks by the media in China, were not real banks before 4: 38+00 on June 5, 2008, because they could neither accept deposits nor borrow money from the Federal Reserve Bank. They mainly buy and sell securities, futures, real estate and any valuable commodities for their clients.
3.*** mutual funds, there are many such companies. Those big ones, such as Fidelity Fund and Pioneer Fund, control all retirement accounts in the United States (40 1K) and a lot of wealth in the world.
4. Hedge funds, including RenaissanceTechnologies, and quantum funds of Soros and Rogers. 5. Private equity funds and venture capital funds. 6. Asset management companies, such as the famous BlackRock Asset Management Company, manage family and institutional assets as high as $4 trillion.
A famous investment company.
Goldman Sachs Group: The main business of Goldman Sachs is to trade for others and underwrite the listing of companies. Its big business in its early years included underwriting the listing of the famous Sears Department Store. After the Great Depression in the 1930s, Goldman Sachs gradually shifted from trading (low-end financial services) to managing wealth and investment for large companies and the rich, and thus developed from a general securities dealer to a major investment company on Wall Street. After that, Goldman Sachs presided over the listing of Ford Motor Company (1956) and the bankruptcy of American railway system. Since the 1970s, Goldman Sachs has gone global from the United States, led the privatization of western Europe in the 1980s, and led the privatization of Soviet Union and eastern Europe in the 1990s.
The main business of Goldman Sachs has three parts, namely, event-driven business, including listing, merger and split, wealth management and various funds, including hedge funds and private equity funds.
In 2008-2009, Goldman Sachs first brought down a group of oil tycoons, then even Russia, a permanent member of the United Nations, was suppressed, and then brought down its two rivals Lehman and Merrill Lynch in the financial crisis.
Morgan Stanley: Of all the investment banks, the only one that can be compared with Goldman Sachs is Morgan Stanley. As early as a decade ago, Morgan Stanley was much bigger and more influential than Goldman Sachs, but it has been surpassed by Goldman Sachs in recent years.
1935, JPMorgan Chase's son henry morgan and executive Harold Stanley led some people from Bank of JPMorgan Chase to set up Morgan Stanley. Morgan Stanley was born out of J.P. Morgan Bank, the largest bank in the United States, with a higher starting point than Goldman Sachs and was very successful from the beginning.
The process of listing a company
Take Baidu as an example. Before going public, Baidu needs to find an underwriter. Generally, I will negotiate with a number of underwriters to find one I like. In the negotiation, the key is to determine three things. First, what was the total market value of Baidu when it went public? Second, how much is the listed company financing. After the basic value of a listed company is determined, it is necessary to negotiate the amount of financing with the underwriter. Third, after the first and second questions are determined, the rest are some details, mainly the commission paid by Baidu to the underwriters and future options.
double-edged sword
Underwriting listing is only the beginning of the influence of investment banks and fund companies on technology companies. After listing, if a technology company is favored by Wall Street investment banks and fund managers, its development will undoubtedly be much smoother, and vice versa. Investment banks and fund companies' greatest support for technology companies is to buy the company's shares directly.
Wall Street's pursuit of technology companies can also be carried out by cost-free means such as improving the rating of technology companies.
If Goldman Sachs publishes a research report, supports Google and raises Google's stock price expectations. Within a few hours after the publication of the report, Google's share price soared 10%, which successfully resolved the selling pressure brought by the lifting of the ban on internal shares. With the sharp rise of share price, Google attracted a large number of talents in a short time after listing, and quickly launched a variety of services, which leapt over Yahoo to become the largest Internet company.
Of course, Wall Street is not Lei Feng. It pushes up a company's stock, not out of the motive of helping that company, but for its own benefit. Therefore, we will not support a company just because we like it, but to see which company can bring it more benefits at a specific stage. When a company no longer has a story to tell, Wall Street will ignore it. When its profits fall short of expectations, it may be severely suppressed by Wall Street. Therefore, meeting the expectations of Wall Street has become the only goal of most listed companies. Therefore, most technology companies have to set many short-term goals to meet their short-term profits, which is likely to affect their long-term development.
In the whole economic activity, the financial industry plays the role of blood. A healthy financial environment and order is conducive to the growth of technology companies. However, because the financial industry is linked with huge interests, greed, speculation and even illegal deception are the shadows that the financial industry can never get rid of.
Wall Street's pursuit and suppression of listed technology companies has objectively promoted the survival of the fittest in the technology industry. A truly well-managed and competitive company should be able to withstand repeated financial crises or malicious suppression by speculators. It should not only have a long-term development plan, but also let investors have confidence in a short time and communicate with Wall Street. On the other hand, a technology company can't deliberately cater to the short-term expectations of Wall Street, otherwise its development will be passive. Once such a company fails to meet expectations for one or two quarters, it will be abandoned by Wall Street, and the result is counterproductive.
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