Next, we make a detailed analysis of all kinds of family risks mentioned above, and make clear the idea of risk occurrence.

1. 1 property risk

The property of modern families mainly includes houses, furniture, household appliances, cash, securities, vehicles and other valuables. Generally speaking, the greater the value of a family's property, the greater the risk of loss. Once a loss occurs, the greater the value of the loss. On the contrary, the smaller the risk of loss, the smaller the value of loss.

The risk of family property loss is varied, which may be caused by natural disasters such as floods, fires and earthquakes, or by human factors. Such as theft, arson, sabotage, explosion and other human-induced risk accidents will also cause the loss of family property. The risk of family property loss will directly lead to the reduction of family property, resulting in direct losses, while the cost and time required to restore the use of property or replace new household appliances will cause indirect losses.

1.2 Personal risk

Family personal risk refers to the risk that family members suffer personal loss due to birth, old age, illness, disability and death. Generally speaking, the accidental risks such as death and disease faced by human beings, like family property risks, will cause the loss of family wealth now or in the future. The risk of personal injury may be caused by natural disasters (such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes) or human factors (such as criminal acts and negligence). Danger of personal injury.

In the short term, it is unpredictable whether a family will have a risk accident in a certain period of time. However, in the long run, personal risk loss is inevitable. Because personal risks such as death and illness are unavoidable risks for any family. It is because of death that diseases are inevitable, which requires individuals to plan ahead and make risk management plans as soon as possible to cope with possible losses in the future.

1.3 Liability risk

The behavior of family members sometimes brings personal or property losses to others, so they have to bear the law.

The responsibility to bear, that is, the responsibility risk. There are many kinds of responsibility risks faced by family members in social activities, and these risks of responsibility loss are sometimes intentional, sometimes caused by negligence or unintentionally.

For example, the liability loss caused by intentional injury, the actor needs to bear the risk of other people's medical expenses, lost time and other losses. The liability loss caused by negligent injury also needs to compensate others for medical expenses, lost time and nutrition expenses. For example, if a traffic accident occurs during driving, it is necessary to compensate others for their property and personal risks in accordance with the relevant regulations of the road traffic management department. For example, if your pet bites a neighbor's child, you need to bear the responsibility of causing losses to others.

1.4 Summarize the characteristics of family risks

Generally speaking, the risks faced by families have the following characteristics: (1) Compared with the risk management of enterprises, it is relatively simple. Generally, there is no detailed risk management plan, but some simple operations are being carried out. (2) The risk degree is relatively low, the loss probability is relatively low, and the losses caused are relatively small. (3) The effect depends on the management ability of the risk manager. The effect, level and technology of family risk management depend on the management ability and income level of family members. There is also a big difference between carefulness and carelessness. (4) Related to local public security and traffic environment.

Chapter II Management Methods of Family Risk Management

Risk management refers to the management process of how to minimize risks in a certain risk environment. It includes risk measurement, assessment and emergency strategy. The ideal risk management is a series of prioritization processes, which give priority to the things that can cause the greatest losses and the most likely to happen, and postpone the things with relatively low risks. According to the characteristics of family risk, we have many ways to manage family risk. You can take preventive measures in advance, or you can take measures to control losses afterwards. Prevention refers to taking measures to prevent all possible risk accidents in the family before they happen. Measures to control losses afterwards refer to taking measures to prevent possible family risk accidents after the occurrence of risk accidents. The specific risk management analysis is as follows.

2. 1 family property risk management

Generally speaking, before risk management, risks must be identified and measured. For example, make a list of family property risks. Then analyze the causes of risk accidents. Generally speaking, family property can be divided into movable property and immovable property. According to the results of family risk identification and risk measurement, risk assessment is carried out according to the degree of possible losses caused by risks. For risks with large losses and low frequency, measures need to be taken in time to deal with them, and risk transfer can be taken if necessary. For the risks with small loss and high loss frequency, we can take the way of keeping risks for ourselves, and we need to pay attention to prevent risks in our daily life.

2. 1. 1 risk retention

It is mainly suitable for risks with higher or lower frequency but less loss. In the event of a risk accident, families can use their current income or past savings to make up for the losses. For example, if the glass windows and tableware at home are broken, reinstalling the glass or buying tableware can make up for the loss.

2. 1.2 Risk avoidance

Mainly applicable to the risk of causing heavy losses. For example, in order to prevent property damage, family members decided to sell the house and give up the ownership of the house after consultation to avoid risks. When making risk avoidance decisions, the factors that need to be considered are the benefits of giving up property rights and the cost of owning property rights to bear housing losses. If the income is greater than the cost, it is conducive to taking risk avoidance countermeasures, otherwise, the risk will be recovered.

The countermeasures to avoid it are wrong.

2. 1.3 loss control

It refers to taking all possible measures to rescue damaged property, prevent the occurrence of risk accidents and reduce the possible losses caused by risk accidents. For example, after a fire accident, close the gas pipeline in time, isolate inflammable and explosive articles, cut off the power supply of household appliances in time, and rescue valuables. These measures to deal with risk accidents are also loss control.

2. 1.4 risk transfer

Risk transfer is to transfer the risk of a family property loss to a unit or individual to bear, which is suitable for the risk of causing relatively large losses. For example, by purchasing insurance, the risk of fire and theft of family property is transferred to the insurance company, and individuals need to pay a certain fee for the transfer risk.

2.2 Family Personal Risk Management

Usually, it is complicated and difficult to measure the losses caused by family personal risks. For example, risk accidents cause family members to be disabled, and different levels of disability require different medical expenses, which makes it difficult to measure the degree of loss caused by risk accidents to families.

Risk retention is 0.

Family personal risk retention mostly deals with possible income loss and medical expenses through family wealth preparation and psychological preparation. Generally speaking, risk retention can only deal with temporary and short-term personal risk losses of families, such as short-term income loss and medical expenses, while families cannot afford long-term income loss and huge medical expenses. For example, if a child catches a cold, the medical expenses for treating the cold are relatively low, and the losses brought to the family are relatively small. Families can cope with losses by taking risks and keeping them. Or, a family member is diagnosed with leukemia. Moreover, the medical expenses required to treat these diseases are relatively high, and the losses caused to families are also relatively large, but these losses cannot be transferred through risk transfer. At this time, the risk can only be left to itself. It should also be noted that different families have different income conditions and can bear different personal risk losses. For families who are unwilling to bear the cost of risk transfer, they will also bear it later.

loss prevention

It mainly includes three aspects. The first is to ask the government to create a safe social environment. Including traffic safety, public security, arson and other environments, the personal safety of family members can only be guaranteed if the society eliminates the risk accidents that may endanger personal safety in the bud. So this is the primary factor. The second is to require a safe family environment. This mainly includes anti-theft safety and safety lights of various household facilities. For example, pesticides in rural areas are hidden dangers that endanger personal safety. When family members encounter setbacks, it is easy to get these dangerous goods, thus causing personal injury. The third is to raise family awareness of risk prevention. Strengthening family members' awareness of safety and health, especially educating minor children on safety and health, is helpful to prevent all kinds of personal risk accidents.

Loss control

Mainly used for risk accidents that have occurred. In the family, once a personal risk accident occurs, measures should be taken immediately to control the loss and prevent the further expansion of the loss. For example, once a family member is sick, timely treatment can avoid the aggravation of the disease and further expand the loss.

2.2.4 Risk transfer

Personal risk transfer mainly refers to the transfer of losses caused by risk accidents to others. For example, families transfer their contributions to insurance companies by purchasing life insurance. In the event of a risk accident within the scope of insurance liability, the losses caused shall be borne by the insurance company.

2.3 Family Responsibility Risk Management

The risk of family responsibility comes from the behavior of family members. In daily life, family members who cause personal injury or property loss to others due to negligence and negligence need to bear civil liability for damages according to law. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of family liability risks, namely, breach of contract liability risk and tort liability risk. The management of liability risk is generally shared or transferred through liability insurance. It should be noted that the public liability insurance commonly used by families usually stipulates exclusions, and the liability period is generally less than one year or less. In addition, there are compensation limits and deductibles. When choosing the corresponding insurance, families must consider comprehensively, choose rationally and avoid risks.

Chapter III: The main problems faced by China's current risk management.

3. 1 Lack of risk management awareness.

Do not pay attention to risk management in daily life. The reason why this happens is related to the historical origin of our country. For example, China has been an agricultural country for a long time, and food is the most important thing for the people, so God is invincible and people enjoy it, which is deeply rooted in people's hearts. In this way, when people encounter risks, they will not calmly analyze and make serious judgments, but feel that nothing they can do can change them. How to make people understand risks and know that risks can be controlled. This is an urgent problem that we need to solve.

3.2 Lack of the most basic risk management facilities

Recent frequent security tragedies. Coal mine accidents, bus explosions, dormitory fires and so on are all related to imperfect risk facilities. Of course, the level of risk facilities in a country corresponds to its financial resources. If there is sufficient financial guarantee, the quantity and quality of risk facilities will definitely be guaranteed. But this can't be an excuse for us to defend. The risk management measures for families in China are still in a fairly primary stage. The average family lacks fire-fighting equipment and first-aid medicine, and the community or village where the family lives also lacks coordinated defense measures.

3.3 Lack of relevant legal knowledge

It should be said that this problem not only exists in risk management. But the lack of necessary legal knowledge will put many families in trouble. China people are used to building their country with family ties, and pay attention to the cultivation of interpersonal relationships, often ignoring the relevant legal provisions.

Chapter four puts forward some suggestions.

4. 1 Develop the habit of managing risks

Family daily life is trivial and complicated. If we form the habit of risk management, we can avoid many risk accidents. The habit of risk management mainly includes the following contents: don't go out with gas, don't do other things unrelated to cooking, go out and check the water and electricity switch at home, lock the door when going out to do things, and don't take inflammable and explosive articles home. For example, a car driver brought gasoline home in a plastic bucket. The driver's younger son didn't catch fire when he was preparing to cook. The son poured gasoline on the firewood and lit it with a lighter, which led to the tragedy that his son was burned and his home caught fire. Developing the habit of managing risks can avoid tragedies that should not happen. For another example, a risk management expert once described his life like this: I told my family that all receipts should be kept for 7 days to half a month in principle when going to the supermarket to buy things. My mother asked me if I should take it for reimbursement. I said no, if the things I bought go bad and the whole family gets food poisoning, this is the only evidence, otherwise I will find someone to go to court and sell my property; In case the inferior socket causes a fire, we can use it to prove that the socket was bought there. Going out to eat is the same. You must make out an invoice, which is the only proof of food poisoning. Also, you must get a taxi ticket to take a taxi. In case valuables or important information are lost in the taxi, you can know which car to take at the first time, because the taxi ticket has the company's phone number and the driver's code. Now, no matter where your family members are, take care of your documents. You need an invoice for eating, a receipt for shopping, and a ticket for taking a taxi.

4.2 Installation of risk prevention facilities

Installing risk prevention measures is also one of the methods of family risk management. For example, installing security doors, security window, safes and alarms can prevent the risk of theft. Another example is a high-rise building with one household on each floor of each unit. In order to increase the living area of families, every household blocks the security door in the corridor and uses it as a room. In case of fire, earthquake and other risks, the elevator can't be used, and the safe passage set on the floor is useless, which has great security risks. This example shows that it is important to set up and install risk prevention measures, and it is equally important to use these measures correctly.

4.3 Use contracts or legally binding documents to manage risks

In family risk management, using contracts or legally binding documents to manage risks is also an important risk management method. Using contracts or legally binding documents to manage risks can not only obtain the protection of relevant laws, but also transfer the losses caused by risk accidents and obtain appropriate economic compensation.

For example, Wang divorced because her husband had an affair and was often beaten. Wang was killed in a plane crash on his way to a certain place to give a report. The compensation for her house, inheritance, unit and airline is about 6,543,800 yuan, which was inherited by her daughter. But Wang's daughter is only 10 years old and does not have the ability to manage this part of the inheritance. In this case, Wang's parents have the right to represent this part of the estate, but Wang's parents have passed away, and Wang's ex-husband represents this part of the estate, while Wang's brothers and sisters have no right to manage this part of the estate. It can be seen that it is very necessary to manage risks with legal documents. If Wang left a legally binding text before the flight, explaining his experience, how to deal with his family property, and who represented him, we could avoid the problem that the property left after his death was represented by his ex-husband.

conclusion

Through the above analysis, this paper can draw the following conclusions:

At present, China's families are in a period of high risk and frequent crises, and the forms of risks are complex and diverse, which leads to different reasons and directly affects the economic development and social stability of our region. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to spread risks in a wider range, enhance the family's risk handling ability, and rely on the government's institutionalized social security system to help families improve their risk prevention ability. On the one hand, raising residents' awareness of family risk management is the most important way. Only when family members attach importance to it can family risk management develop healthily. On the other hand, with the development of national economy and the increase of government revenue, increasing investment in risk prevention measures is also a key link. Finally, the relevant state departments must seriously popularize relevant legal knowledge, and insurance companies should also take corporate responsibility and set an example. Only by changing from an individualized and temporary way of avoiding risks to a systematic and sustainable risk handling system and building a risk sharing mechanism of benign family interaction and mutual assistance and cooperation can we effectively deal with all kinds of risks faced by families.