Metal hardness grade:
1, tungsten
Tungsten is one of the top ten hardest metals in the world. It is a rare metal found on the earth and a naturally occurring metal. It was discovered in 178 1 and became a new element. This metal has a very high ignition point and a very high boiling point, but it is very important that it contains certain toxins.
Tungsten is one of the hardest metals in nature and the natural metal with the highest tensile strength, with high density (per cubic centimeter 19.25g) and high melting point (3422℃). Tungsten's high melting point makes it a good material for rocket nozzles and other applications. Tungsten is brittle and easy to be destroyed by impact, similar to ceramics, but the brittleness of high-purity tungsten will be improved.
Uses: Tungsten is used to make wear-resistant alloy steel in iron and steel industry, and also used in lighting equipment, aerospace and chemical industry.
2. Titanium
Titanium itself is shiny, silver from the outside, with low density but very high strength. Not afraid of seawater corrosion, generally used in industrial production. This kind of metal has certain friendliness, so it can be provided for human use.
Titanium is famous for its strength. Although the Brinell hardness is not comparable to that of any other metal, the strength-to-weight ratio of titanium is impressive, almost twice that of steel, and even pure titanium is harder than many steels. Therefore, titanium and its alloys (such as iron-containing carbon alloys and aluminum-titanium alloys) are often used in aerospace engineering, spacecraft plates, fuel tanks and jet engine parts. It is also widely used in shipbuilding, pipeline construction in corrosive environment and as frame material.
Titanium is non-toxic even in large doses and does not play any natural role in human body, so it has many medical uses.
3. Tritium
Tritium is also a newly discovered metal, which is very rare. Mainly from the United States, China, Sri Lanka and other regions. This metal is difficult to separate from other elements and has certain polymerization.
4. Osmium
Osmium has the highest density among all metals and is very rare. The surface has a certain luster and will not be changed by water and acid. It is usually used as a catalyst and also in industrial production.
Osmium, a platinum group metal, is the densest natural element on the earth (22.59 grams per cubic centimeter). High temperature resistance (melting point over 3033°C), often alloy with other platinum group metals (such as iridium, platinum and palladium), which are used in many different fields that need hardness and durability.
5. Iron
Iron is the most abundant of all metals, which is very common in life. Compared with other metals, its price is relatively low. It has a wide range of uses. Whether it is food or containers, or even making cars, iron will be used.
6. Steel
Steel is widely used in industrial production because of its excellent hardness and certain toughness. Mainly used for ship tools, machine weapons, etc. It occupies an important position in building materials and also occupies a certain position in human life.
Strictly speaking, steel is an alloy, not a single metal, but an alloy metal composed of iron and other elements (such as carbon, chromium, nickel, manganese, etc.). ). It is the most used material in construction, mechanical engineering and other industries. There is no uniform hardness value, because many different quality grades can be used for steel. In order to improve the wear resistance and heat resistance of steel, there are many different tempering processes. For example, boron coating can optimize the hardness of steel without making it brittle.
7, zirconium
Zirconium is a transition metal with a silver-gray surface and strong corrosion resistance. It is often used to make pipes and fittings, as well as steel alloys, bricks, ceramics and so on.
8. Chromium
Chromium itself has a strong luster, but it is very fragile and its surface is silvery gray. It has a certain polishing degree and will not fade when combined with air. But in oxygen, there will be great instability.
Chromium is the hardest metal known and is usually used to make alloys (such as stainless steel). It ranks among the best in Mohs scratch resistance measurement standard. The value of chromium lies not only in its hardness but also in its high corrosion resistance. Because chromium is easier to handle and richer in content than platinum group metals, chromium is a commonly used element in alloys.
The Mohs hardness of chromium is also very high (8.5, full score 10, which is diamond), that is to say, it can scratch the samples of timely and topaz, but it can be scratched by corundum.
Chromium, as a metal that can be highly polished without discoloration, is also highly valued. Polished chromium reflects nearly 70% of the visible spectrum, and nearly 90% of the infrared light is reflected.
9. vanadium
Vanadium has certain softness, is very rare and has strong toughness. The surface is grayish white, and most of them will be used as engines, bearings and gear lights. At the same time, it can also be used as an auxiliary ingredient of drugs, which originated in South Africa and Russia.
10, tantalum
Tantalum has an oxide film on its surface, which is widely used in industry, and is often used to make engines, capacitors and so on. Origin: Thailand, Congo, Portugal and Canada.