Following the principle of combining planned economy with market regulation, the general requirements of the state for the circulation of agricultural products are: with the development of rural commodity economy, appropriately reduce mandatory planning management, improve guiding planning management, and give full play to the role of market mechanism.
Grain has been released for many years on the premise of ensuring the completion of the national ordering task. Cancel the regulation that "rice is purchased by the grain department, and other departments, units and individuals are not allowed to operate". The central and local governments implement the system of special grain reserves. When the market price falls, the government will purchase reserves according to the protective price quota to protect the interests of producers. When the market price is too high, the government sells some grain reserves at reasonable prices to stabilize the market and protect the interests of consumers. The allocation of national special grain reserves should be properly concentrated, focusing on the main producing areas with relatively high commodity rates and farmers with more state-ordered grain sales. With the development of the market, special grain storage should gradually transition to market throughput to maintain the stability of the grain market and price. Grain sales will continue to be decentralized by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.
Cotton will continue to be purchased and managed by supply and marketing cooperatives. Among them, the cotton in the cotton variety breeding area was entrusted to a good cotton factory for acquisition. It is suggested to invest in producing areas and jointly develop wasteland suitable for cotton. The cotton produced will not be included in the distribution plan for five years.
Tobacco, cocoon, musk, licorice, Eucommia ulmoides and Magnolia Officinalis will continue to be managed by departments designated by the state. Wood (bamboo, turpentine), natural rubber, and tea sold in southern collective forest areas are still handled according to the current regulations of the State Council.
The purchase and sale of edible oil (oilseed), sugar (sugar), live pigs, sheep wool, kenaf and other products shall be guided by plans, and the production and circulation shall be guided by setting guiding prices, and the purchase and sale contract system shall be established and improved. In order to ensure the needs of the national economy and people's livelihood, state-owned businesses and supply and marketing cooperatives must maintain a certain number of contract purchases and state reserves of oil, sugar, pork, sheep wool and kenaf to stabilize the market.
Where conditions permit, pigs can be completely released, and the decision-making power belongs to the governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Other agricultural products, according to different situations, gradually implement market regulation, liberalize prices, freely purchase and sell through multiple channels and fewer links, and strengthen macro guidance and management.
All released products, without the approval of the State Council, shall not be included in the planning and management of departments or localities.
Second, break the regional blockade and cancel the indiscriminate checkpoints to ensure the smooth flow of goods.
In order to establish a unified national agricultural product market and ensure the normal circulation order of agricultural products, the State Council reiterated: regional blockade is strictly prohibited, and no department or place may interfere with the circulation department in implementing the national plan and legitimate business activities; No region or department may restrict the export of agricultural products that have been liberalized; Checkpoints set up on traffic lines around the country must hold licenses issued by the governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government after re-examination, and all unlicensed checkpoints shall be removed; Resolutely stop all kinds of illegal acts of arbitrary charges and fines. The governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall issue a notice in accordance with the above spirit and supervise the implementation, and offenders will be dealt with severely.
Three, continue to play the role of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned businesses in the circulation of agricultural products.
Supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned businesses are the main executors of the national agricultural product circulation plan, and they are the leading forces to stabilize and prosper the urban and rural markets. Continue to deepen reform, improve the operating mechanism of enterprises, and enhance the self-development ability of enterprises. Gradually realize the separation of government supervision function and management function, and operate independently and be responsible for its own profits and losses, except for policy operating losses subsidized by the state.
Supply and marketing cooperatives are cooperative commercial organizations collectively owned by farmers. Supply and marketing cooperatives can handle all released products and commodities that farmers need for production and life; Agricultural products franchised by other departments shall be purchased by grass-roots supply and marketing cooperatives, and there is no need to set up another acquisition network. Governments at all levels and relevant departments should actively guide and support the development of supply and marketing cooperatives and effectively solve the difficulties of supply and marketing cooperatives, especially grass-roots cooperatives. We must resolutely stop some local governments from adjusting the funds and materials of supply and marketing cooperatives, changing their affiliation and limiting their business scope without authorization, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of supply and marketing cooperatives.
Supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned businesses should adapt to the needs of the development of rural commodity economy, actively implement various forms of joint and cooperation with farmers and other purchase and sale organizations, and better serve agricultural production and farmers' lives.
Four, encourage collectives and individuals to enter the circulation field and develop multi-channel management.
In recent years, rural collective economic organizations and individual farmers have organized themselves in various ways to enter the circulation field, which has played a positive role in invigorating the circulation of agricultural products, promoting the development of agricultural production, facilitating farmers' lives and developing the rural tertiary industry. All relevant departments should give enthusiastic support and guide them to operate legally. All released agricultural products can be operated by collective enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, can be trafficked over long distances, and can also engage in wholesale business. The wholesale business of grain and oil and other products related to the national economy and people's livelihood must be approved. Collectives and individuals applying to engage in the circulation of agricultural products shall register and obtain business licenses. They should be allowed to open accounts and settle accounts in banks or credit cooperatives, and a risk deposit system should be established. For farmers engaged in the circulation of agricultural products in this Municipality, the relevant departments shall provide convenience in business premises and other aspects. It is necessary to gradually improve the standardization and organization of multi-channel circulation through guidance, service, management and improvement of relevant laws and regulations.
Five, actively develop the integrated management organization of production and marketing.
At present, there are a number of business organizations integrating trade, industry, agriculture, production, supply and sales in rural areas of China, which have played an important role in connecting thousands of households to establish specialized commodity production bases, improving the degree of organization of agricultural products production and reducing market risks. State-owned commerce, foreign trade enterprises, supply and marketing cooperatives, agricultural products processing enterprises, agricultural (animal husbandry, aquatic products) science and technology extension departments, township enterprises, etc. Where conditions permit, you can take the lead or participate in the integrated production and marketing activities, which are not restricted by administrative divisions. For agricultural products that are not managed by the state and ordered by the state, they can be organized through integrated management of production and marketing, so that the origin and sales areas can be directly linked, and the production can be fixed by sales, and contracts can be signed to establish a long-term and stable relationship between supply and demand, and gradually form a reasonable regional division of labor. All departments should encourage and support their subordinate units to participate in the integrated management organization of production and marketing, and the original capital and material supply will remain unchanged.
Six, gradually establish and improve the agricultural products market system centered on the wholesale market.
The establishment of agricultural products market system is an important aspect of China's circulation system reform. We will continue to develop various forms of primary markets for agricultural products, and at the same time establish several wholesale markets for major agricultural products in a planned way, and gradually form an agricultural product market system centered on wholesale markets. Measures should be taken to actively guide the wholesale trading of agricultural products in the market, gradually reduce the OTC trading of important agricultural products such as grain, and gradually develop into forward contracts and futures trading on the basis of spot trading. Unified trading rules shall be implemented in the wholesale market of agricultural products, and market managers shall not participate in market transactions. The administrative department for industry and commerce should strengthen market management and contract management. The establishment of agricultural products wholesale market, under the unified organization and coordination of the government, with the participation of relevant departments, formulates the development plan of the wholesale market, and takes it as a public utility into the overall planning of local economic development and urban and rural construction. Under the unified planning, encourage multi-party construction and multi-channel financing, and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to run the wholesale market well. Tax incentives should be given to the investment in fixed assets in the agricultural products wholesale market built according to unified planning.
Seven, strengthen the construction of agricultural products circulation infrastructure.
At present, China's agricultural products acquisition, storage, transportation and other infrastructure, far from meeting the needs of rural commodity economy development, must be resolved as soon as possible. In the future national capital construction plan, the proportion of investment in the construction of agricultural products circulation facilities should be greatly increased, and the planning commissions at all levels should make corresponding arrangements. The state and local governments shall arrange special funds for the construction of national reserves and transit depots of important agricultural products and agricultural means of production, as well as highway construction. Large-scale agricultural development projects and the construction of agricultural commodity grain bases should increase investment in the construction of agricultural product circulation facilities accordingly. In order to support supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned commercial enterprises engaged in agricultural products to change backward and insufficient circulation facilities as soon as possible, preferential loan interest rates and taxes will be given to newly built and rebuilt circulation facilities. Encourage collectives and individuals to build storage facilities and operate storage business. The storage facilities of various departments should be gradually opened to the public, the warehouse rent system should be implemented, the enterprise management should be implemented, and they should be responsible for their own profits and losses. Reasonably adjust the interest relationship between grain transfer areas and grain transfer areas. Grain and oil sales areas should be allocated in strict accordance with the plan, share the storage difficulties in the producing areas, and bear the loan interest and storage fees if the planned quantity is not allocated within the time limit; If the place of origin is up for sale, and it is not handed over on time, it shall bear the economic losses caused to the other party. Railway and highway transport enterprises should give priority care and strong support to the transportation capacity required by the main producing areas of agricultural products and large wholesale markets during the peak season of agricultural products purchase and sale.
Eight, vigorously develop and rationally adjust the agricultural product processing industry.
According to the requirements of the current industrial policy of the country, vigorously developing and rationally adjusting the agricultural product processing industry will not only help solve the problem of purchasing and selling agricultural products, but also provide a variety of marketable products for domestic and foreign markets and open up broader prospects for the development of agricultural product commodity production.
On the basis of overall arrangement and planning, adjust the layout of agricultural products processing industry. Actively support the development of primary processing industry of agricultural products in the main producing areas, and gradually change the financial difficulties, as well as the situation that farmers' income is not high and production stamina is insufficient. Banks should increase the scale of township industrial loans accordingly. Cities generally no longer develop new primary processing capacity of agricultural products. For the existing agricultural products processing enterprises, it is necessary to speed up the pace of technological transformation, improve product quality and grade, increase varieties of colors, realize fine processing and deep processing, promote the development of primary processing industry of rural agricultural products, and gradually form a reasonable division of labor in agricultural products processing industry. It is necessary to prevent rushing headlong into action and avoid redundant construction. The state continues to implement preferential policies for agricultural product processing industries that need key support. At the same time, strictly control the processing industry with insufficient supply of raw materials such as cotton and excess processing capacity.
Nine, effectively arrange the purchase funds of agricultural products.
In recent years, the phenomenon of "buying white-striped agricultural products" has appeared in some places, which has dampened farmers' enthusiasm for production. The funds needed for the purchase of agricultural products in various places should be led by the government, and banks, financial and commercial enterprises should raise funds separately, and be responsible for all the work and arrive on time. The People's Bank of China and relevant specialized banks should ensure the supply of loan funds for purchasing major agricultural products such as grain, cotton and oil, and manage the funds well. Temporary loans occupied by agricultural products that have been converted into national reserves should be converted into annual loans in a timely manner. We should solve the problem of opening accounts in China Industrial and Commercial Bank and China Agricultural Bank as soon as possible. Financial departments at all levels must ensure that the funds allocated to grain enterprises are in place on time and in full. It is necessary to carefully clean up the unreasonable capital occupation of grain enterprises, recover the misappropriated acquisition funds within a time limit, and investigate the leadership responsibility.
Ten, governments at all levels should attach importance to circulation as much as production, strengthen macro-control.
The circulation of agricultural products involves many departments, with strong policies and heavy workload. Governments at all levels should earnestly strengthen leadership, take invigorating the circulation of agricultural products as a major event, and attach importance to the circulation of agricultural products as much as agricultural production. In the future, governments at all levels should establish a coordination system, and the responsible person of the government will regularly convene relevant departments to discuss and solve the problems in the circulation of agricultural products in time.
Adhere to and improve the supervision system of important agricultural products reserves. The central and local governments should, according to the needs, study and determine the important agricultural product reserves related to the national economy and people's livelihood and establish reserve funds. In addition to the national reserve, we should actively guide enterprises and farmers to take various measures to make necessary reserves and establish a multi-level reserve system. For important agricultural products, all localities should gradually establish and improve the risk fund system to protect the interests of producers, consumers and operators.
We should coordinate and balance domestic and foreign trade. For export-oriented agricultural products, foreign trade enterprises should sign contracts with producing areas and farmers in advance to guide production, and those who fail to implement the contracts should bear economic responsibilities for the losses caused. For agricultural products mainly oriented to the domestic market, foreign trade enterprises should purchase and export them in the market while stabilizing the domestic market price. Domestic and foreign trade are not allowed to raise prices to snap up, in order to maintain the stability of the market and production.
All localities should actively carry out the pilot reform of agricultural products circulation system under the guidance of the overall national reform plan and according to the actual situation, and continuously deepen the reform.