1. Centralized trading system: the trading mode of securities trading in an open and centralized way is the main way of securities circulation and the core of securities trading. Centralized trading can be divided into centralized bidding trading, block trading and agreement transfer.
2. Standardized futures contracts and hedging mechanisms: standardized contracts formulated by futures exchanges that stipulate the delivery of a certain quantity and quality of commodities at a specific time and place in the future. Hedging transaction is simply a capital preservation transaction. Hedging transaction is to conduct two market-related transactions at the same time, in opposite directions, with the same amount, and break even.