Shang Yang's political reform was a very important political reform in the history of China, which was promoted by Shang Yang, the minister of Qin State in the Warring States Period, in the 4th century BC.
The core contents of Shang Yang's political reform include: land system, military system reform, scale system, legal system and official system reform. Among them, the content of Shang Yang's political reform is very extensive, which almost runs through social, political, economic and cultural reforms.
However, Shang Yang's political reform did not include social education reform, nor did it put forward a clear education reform plan, nor did it reform and adjust the existing education system. This can be seen from five aspects of Shang Yang's political reform.
First of all, land system reform is one of the key points of Shang Yang's political reform. Shang Yang put forward two basic models, namely, the "land equalization system" (land is distributed equally by population regardless of wealth) and the "well field system" (land is distributed according to the actual farming ability of families).
By reforming the land system, the land will be distributed to every farmer more evenly, thus improving the stability and effectiveness of taxation, improving the feudal land ownership structure and promoting the prosperity of rural production.
Secondly, Shang Yang's political reform also carried out military reform, and established a strict conscription, establishment and training system, which greatly improved Qin Jun's combat effectiveness. He also creatively implemented the rank system, linking personal achievements with promotion, knighthood and reward, thus boosting morale and improving the overall quality of the army.
Third, the weighing system is also an important aspect of Shang Yang's reform. Through this system, Shang Yang extended the monetary system infinitely, broke the barter trade dominated by agricultural economy, standardized the adjustment mechanism of Qin market economy, and increased the supervision and management of economic activities.
Fourthly, legal reform is another key point of Shang Yang's political reform. Shang Yang carried out the legalist thought and established a complete legal system, including a series of legal documents such as The Book of Songs and Qin Law.
These legal documents unify the laws of various regions and make the application of laws more just and reasonable. At the same time, Shang Yang also carried out legal reform, separating legislation, judicature and execution, realizing the independence and authority of the law, and providing the institutional basis for the reunification of China.
Finally, the official system reform is the last aspect of Shang Yang's political reform. Shang Yang established the central administrative organization of the Qin Dynasty by setting up central official positions such as prime minister, servant and lieutenant, which effectively strengthened centralization.
In addition, he abolished the previous system of appointing officials by the king and implemented the system of "promotion by examination", thus establishing the spirit of Shang Xian Nashi and ensuring the fairness and rationality of selecting officials.
In a word, the reform of education system was not included in Shang Yang's political reform, but this does not mean that Shang Yang paid insufficient attention to education. In fact, Shang Yang also has profound thoughts and efforts on the development of social education. For example, he formulated "three views" to improve people's cultural quality by learning knowledge and wisdom.
In addition, he also attached importance to praising and supporting cultural celebrities, established a "History Museum" and devoted himself to sorting out and compiling historical and cultural materials. Through these measures, Shang Yang's political reform had a positive impact on the development of ancient education in China.