(A) the status of world coal resources
By the end of 2009, the proven recoverable reserves of coal in the world were 826 billion tons, and the static recoverable life was 1 19. Among them, the proven recoverable reserves of coal in the United States, the Russian Federation and China rank in the top three, accounting for 238.4 billion tons, 157 billion tons and 1 45 billion tons respectively, accounting for 6 1.8% of the global share (table1).
Table1proven recoverable reserves of world coal in 2009
Source: BP World Energy Statistics Review, 20 10.
(2) Coal resources in China
By the end of 2009, China's proven coal reserves were130.96 million tons, a net increase of 63.2 billion tons over the previous year, with an increase of 5 1%. Among them, exploration increased by 566,543.8+billion tons; There are 8932 mining areas, with resources, basic reserves and reserves of 990.7 billion tons, 365.438+89 million tons and 654.38+63.6 million tons respectively. The proven resources of coking coal are 296 billion tons, and the resources, basic reserves and reserves are1821000000 tons,11390000 tons and 57.9 billion tons respectively. Coking coal is mainly concentrated in Shanxi province, and the proven resources and reserves account for 52.7% and 57.6% of the whole country respectively. The provinces (regions) with a large increase in the proven coal resources in China include Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (210.60 billion tons), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (5.27 billion tons), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (65.438+0.28 billion tons), Guizhou Province (65.438+065.438+0.90 billion tons) and Gansu Province (65.27 billion tons). See Figure 1 and Figure 2 for the main regional distribution of coal reserves and proven resources.
Figure1Regional Distribution of Coal Reserves in China in 2009
Figure 2 Regional distribution of coal resources in China in 2009
Second, the production situation at home and abroad
(a) World coal production
In 2009, the global coal output was 3.4 billion tons of TEU, and the top seven countries in terms of coal output were China, the United States, Australia, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa, accounting for 87. 1% of the global total coal output (Table 2).
Table 2 Coal Production Statistics of Countries or Regions in the World in 2009
sequential
Source: BP World Energy Statistics Review, 20 10.
(B) China's coal production
In 2009, China's coal output was 3.06 billion tons. Compared with 200 1, the average annual output increased by 15.2%, and the average annual output increased by about 200 million tons. Compared with 2008, the new coal output in 2009 was 350 million tons (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Statistics of Coal Production in China from May 38, 2006 to October 2009
Three. Coal demand and prospect
(A) the consumption of coal resources in the world
In 2009, the global coal consumption was 3.28 billion tons of standard oil equivalent, down 0.8% from the previous year. The main coal consumers in the world are China, the United States, Indian, Japanese and South Africa, and the total consumption of these five countries accounts for 74.9% of the global share. Among them, China's coal consumption is 65.438+500 million tons TEU, accounting for 45.9% of the global share (Table 3).
Table 3 Coal consumption and production of major countries in the world in 2009
Source: BP World Energy Statistics Review, 20 10.
Note: The production and consumption data of China are seriously distorted. In 2009, China imported more than 6,543.8 billion tons of coal. China data has been corrected in the table.
(B) the consumption of coal resources in China
In 2009, China's apparent coal consumption was 3 1 .60 billion tons, of which the net import was1million tons, which changed from the original coal exporter to the importer. Taking 200 1 as the base year, the apparent consumption of coal resources increases annually 18. 1% (Figure 4).
Figure 4 Apparent coal consumption statistics of China from 20065438+0 to 2009.
Fourth, the domestic and international coal trade situation
(A) the world coal trade situation
Affected by the global economic crisis, the demand for coal resources in Europe and America has shrunk, but the economies of emerging economies represented by China have stabilized and rebounded rapidly, and the demand for coal resources has increased, thus balancing the total demand for global coal resources. In 2009, the global coal export volume was the same as that of the previous year, reaching 930 million tons. The main exporting countries are Australia, Indonesia and Russia, ranking the top three (Table 4).
Table 4 World coal trade volume (export) from 2002 to 2009
Source: International Energy Agency, www.coalportal.com.
Note: * is the predicted value.
In 2009, the global coal import was the same as the previous year, reaching 930 million tons. Traditional importing countries are Japan, South Korea, India and other major Asian economies. With the sustained development of China's economy, it has changed from a net exporter of coal to a net importer, and the growth rate is relatively large. In 2009, China imported 654.38+0.37 billion tons of coal, with a net import of about 654.38+0.00 billion tons, making it a big coal importer in the world (Table 5).
Table 5 World Coal Trade Volume (Import/Import) from 2002 to 2009
Source: International Energy Agency, www.coalportal.com.
(2) China coal import and export situation.
In 2009, China imported 654.38+3.2 billion tons of coal, and the total import cost was 654.38+0.09 billion US dollars, up 3 times and 2.9 times respectively. Among them, Australia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Russia imported more than10 million tons of coal, and the import from Russia jumped from less than 780,000 tons in 2008 to12.08 million tons, an increase of 15 times (Table 6).
Table 6 Main Sources of Coal Imports in China from 2005 to 2009
Source: China Customs Statistical Yearbook, 2005-2009.
In 2009, China exported 22.4 million tons of coal, with a total export value of 2.37 billion yuan, down 5 1% and 55% year-on-year. Among the major exporting/withdrawing countries and regions, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province Province of China rank in the top three, and the coal export volume and export value of the three countries and regions account for 95% of the total export volume and export value. The import and export trade of coal changed from positive to negative, from a trade surplus of 6.56 billion dollars in 2008 to a trade deficit of 7.97 billion dollars in 2009 (Table 7).
Table 7 Major Coal Exports of China from 2005 to 2009
Source: China Customs Statistical Yearbook, 2005-2009.
Figure 5 Coal Import and Export in China from 2000 to 2009
Verb (abbreviation of verb) changes in coal prices at home and abroad
(A) the world coal price
Affected by the global economic crisis, the world coal price fell in 2009. Among them, the price of northwest Europe and the arrival price of coal for power generation in the United States fell by about 53% and 41%respectively; Affected by the strong energy demand of China, India and other countries, the CIF prices of Japanese coking coal and thermal coal decreased slightly, by 7% and 65,438+00% respectively (Figure 6).
(B) China domestic coal prices.
Affected by the economic crisis, the guiding coal prices of Qinhuangdao Port Datong Youhun, Shanxi Youhun and Shanxi Dayun decreased from the highest point 1.050 yuan/ton, 980 yuan/ton and 870 yuan/ton in July 2008 to the lowest points of 585 yuan/ton, 550 yuan/ton and 470 yuan/ton in late March 2009 respectively. Subsequently, under the guidance of the national general policy, by February 28th, 2009, the coal price rose slowly to the levels of 8 10 yuan/ton, 770 yuan/ton and 660 yuan/ton (see Figure 7 for the prices of Datong Excellent Mix and Shanxi Excellent Mix).
Figure 6 1990 to 2009 Coal prices in major international markets
Figure 7 Domestic Coal Price of Qinhuangdao Port from 2003 to 2009
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
1) In 2009, the global supply of coal resources was relatively stable, and the demand in Europe and America declined due to the economic crisis, which lowered the local coal cif price by 50%; Affected by the economic stabilization and recovery in China, India and other countries, the decline in Asian coal prices has narrowed. Overall, the global coal trade volume is basically the same as last year.
2) In 2009, under the guidance of the national large-scale economic policy, China's domestic demand for coal resources grew rapidly, and it imported a large number of coal resources, with an annual import volume of about 654.38 billion tons, making it the second largest importer of coal resources after Japan. The domestic coal output increased by 350 million tons year-on-year, and the domestic coal price slowly rose to the level of 8 10 yuan/ton at the end of 2009, thus maintaining the healthy development of the coal industry as a whole.
(Li Ruijun)