Why should we carry out agricultural supply-side reform? The following is an interpretation of the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, hoping to help everyone!

First, why should we mention the structural reform of the agricultural supply side?

On the one hand, the original intention of the central government to propose the structural reform of agricultural supply side is mainly based on the change of agricultural development stage, realistic paradox and three unsustainability. Solve the "three rural issues" and promote agricultural modernization.

Changes in stages of agricultural development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the relationship between supply and demand of agricultural products has experienced three major turning points. At the beginning, a large number of agricultural products were in short supply; In the 1980s and 1990s, agricultural products increased gradually, and the relationship between supply and demand gradually reached a tight balance. Since the new century, especially after the establishment of the minimum purchase price system, a large number of stocks have appeared. At present, the relationship between supply and demand of some important agricultural products represented by grain has changed from total contradiction to structural contradiction. Under the situation that the main contradiction has changed, it is imperative to adjust the relevant production relations.

The paradox that grain production and stocks are at a high level, but they still import a lot of grain. From 2004 to 20 15, the output of grain products increased continuously for 12 years, with an annual increase of about 25.4 billion Jin, which is very large, and this year it was slightly adjusted. Grain stocks are also increasing. At present, the corn stock is 275 million tons, meeting the consumption of 1.5 years. 1.25 million tons of rice, meeting the consumption for 9 months; Wheat is 0.665438+ 1 100 million tons, which can meet the consumption for 7 months. Both the output and the stock are at a high level, indicating that China has sufficient grain, but there is a phenomenon of importing a large amount of grain every year. This paradox shows that there is a problem in the relationship between grain supply and demand in China.

Small-scale and high-cost agricultural model, the contradiction between production and consumption, and food finance are all unsustainable.

First, international low-priced agricultural products enter the domestic market, and the small-scale and high-cost agricultural production model is unsustainable. From the implementation of the minimum protection price in 2004 to the grain storage in 2008, the minimum purchase price and agricultural storage price were continuously raised, and the cost was increasing. From the short term to the long term, from some agricultural products to almost all agricultural products, the prices of domestic agricultural products and international agricultural products are upside down. In this case, a large number of international low-priced agricultural products have entered the China market, and the negative impact of the small-scale high-cost model has gradually emerged.

Second, the contradiction between production and consumption has intensified. GDP and residents' income have continued to grow for many years, and consumption is also undergoing transformation and upgrading, from large-scale replacement consumption to diversified and personalized consumption. The original popular mode of raw material production does not adapt to this change, that is, the supply shortage in the shortage economy has become a mismatch between supply and demand. At the same time, food safety incidents continue to occur, such as cadmium rice and poisoned milk. In the past, the output-oriented agricultural development model brought a series of environmental damage, which led to food insecurity and aggravated the contradiction between production and consumption.

Third, the economic burden of grain is getting heavier and heavier. From the perspective of market economy, especially in the case of continuous improvement of domestic and international economic linkage, food prices at home and abroad are upside down, leading to? Foreign grain enters the market, and national grain enters the warehouse? . The government keeps purchasing and storing, imports keep increasing, and the state keeps increasing storage, which makes the grain stock increase and the financial burden increase. We call it. Two subsidies? On the one hand, farmers are encouraged to grow grain and given subsidies, while grain storage needs subsidies. Some people have calculated the inventory cost per ton of grain every year, including acquisition fee, warehouse opening fee, storage fee, capital interest and so on. , probably 250 yuan. As far as corn is concerned, according to the calculation of 250 million tons, the annual inventory cost is 63 billion, and the financial burden is getting heavier and heavier.

Second, the main task of structural reform of agricultural supply side

The second aspect is the main task of structural reform of agricultural supply side. The report of this year's Central Economic Work Conference mentioned that the ultimate goal of supply-side structural reform is to meet demand, the main direction is to improve supply quality, and the fundamental way is to deepen reform. The core of promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side is to solve the supply of agricultural products, improve the flexibility and efficiency of agricultural supply system, and make the supply and demand of agricultural products more balanced.

There are three main directions for the structural reform of agricultural supply side. First, increase the supply of green agricultural products and ensure the safety on the tip of the tongue, including standardized production, quality supervision and rural environmental improvement. Second, improve the price formation mechanism of agricultural products. In the case that the purchasing and storage system of agricultural products is becoming more and more unsustainable, through price reform, on the one hand, it can effectively destock, on the other hand, it can form an operating mechanism to adjust production and consumption reasonably through prices. Third, the reform of rural industrial system with land reform as the core, including the separation of land powers and the entry of collective construction land into the market.

There are six major tasks in the structural reform of agricultural supply side.

First, go to stock. De-stocking faces a paradox. On the one hand, the inventory of agricultural products has increased year by year; On the other hand, if the inventory moves too fast, it will depress the price. Otherwise the economic burden is too heavy. How to control the pace of destocking is the most urgent problem to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side.

Second, adjust the structure. Although agricultural output has increased, the quality structure, regional structure and production structure of agricultural products are unreasonable, so it is necessary to coordinate grain production. At present, the main task is to withdraw from 50 million mu of corn production in low-yield corn areas such as the northwest weathered arid area and the northern farming-pastoral ecotone.

Third, improve the quality. Ensure quality and safety on the premise of overall safety, and make the supply quality more suitable for the needs of consumption upgrading.

Fourth, promote integration. First, under the background of diversified consumption, agriculture is integrated with education, culture and tourism. In recent years, the rise of new modes, such as rural tourism, cultural and creative agriculture and customized agriculture, is an aspect of expanding the multi-function of agriculture and promoting integration. The second is to rationalize the industrial chain of agricultural products. In recent years, only the output has been emphasized, and? Strong rice and weak rice, strong wheat and weak powder? Phenomenon, the price of processed products is not as good as raw materials. Therefore, in addition to emphasizing output, we must also rationalize the entire industrial chain in the upper, middle and lower reaches.

Fifth, reduce costs. In the context of rising costs year by year, it is necessary to save costs and increase efficiency, such as promoting the reduction application technology of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Sixth, make up the shortcomings. Although the country has continuously strengthened rural infrastructure services, there are still obvious deficiencies in rural food production infrastructure.

What is the core of the structural reform of agricultural supply? Three changes? Simply reducing production scale and destocking is not the fundamental way to solve the problem, and it is impossible to solve the above three contradictions.

First, change the elements. On the one hand, a large number of young laborers move out of the countryside, on the other hand, due to the restriction of the dual system of urban and rural areas, it is difficult for urban management technology, capital and industrial technology to enter the countryside, which distorts the structure of factor allocation and consumes resources in agricultural production. Therefore, to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, it is necessary to optimize the input structure and combination mode of factors and improve the total factor productivity.

Second, change the market. To realize the effective supply of agricultural products, we must first have a perfect product market and factor market, otherwise it will only bring greater resource dislocation. At present, the mechanism of product market, factor market, futures market and other markets, especially land market and industrial products trading market, is still not perfect, and it is impossible to form reasonable prices to guide production and regulate consumption. Supply-side reform should reasonably grasp the behavior boundary between government and market under the condition of continuous improvement of market system.

Third, change supervision. Although we continue to strengthen the construction of government regulation mechanism, we lack a standardized government regulation mechanism to meet the needs of market economy. Braking hard? . For example 12? Garlic, are you cruel 、? Doudou, are you playing? Although the government immediately regulates, there is no clear mechanism for regulating what and how. For example, in the late 1990s, the grain output increased greatly. At that time, in order to digest the stored grain, the government encouraged ethanol production. But it appeared a few years later. Competing for food with people and livestock? The government has restricted production, but the regulatory effect based on field research is limited. In recent years, with the increase of grain output, many places began to subsidize the grain processing industry, but the last round of restrictions accumulated a large number of idle production capacity and deep-processed products inventory.

At the same time, some key systems, especially the land system, have not yet been implemented. In the whole process of urbanization in China, people and land are separated. After a large number of laborers enter the city, the land is not suitable for the city, and a large number of rural homesteads are idle, while urban construction land is in short supply. This contradiction is very obvious in housing prices. According to 20 14 statistics, more than 200 million laborers move from rural areas to cities every year in China, but the supply of residential land is still increasing, which is inconsistent with the trend of population flow.

Third, promote the impact of structural reform on the supply side of agriculture.

Third, the impact of promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side can be divided into macro level, industry level and micro level.

First of all, it is the macro-level impact. First, change the small-scale and high-cost agricultural model, form a more optimized economic system and industrial system, and realize agricultural modernization. Second, solve the contradiction between supply and demand and improve the supply efficiency of agricultural products. Third, finance is more sustainable and a more reasonable agricultural support framework system is realized.

Secondly, it is the influence at the industry level. First of all, the function of agriculture has been extended. The structural reform of agricultural supply side coincides with the trend of large-scale penetration of new generation information technology into rural areas, which will give birth to new industries, new chains and new models such as creative agriculture, customized agriculture and internet agriculture. Second, with the increasing demand for green agricultural products, traditional industries such as chemical fertilizer enterprises will face difficulties, while modern handicrafts and industries that supply high-quality agricultural products will usher in benefits. Third, in the past, too much emphasis was placed on growth, which led to the high cost of raw materials, and many agricultural products deep processing enterprises could not develop. With the rationalization of the industrial chain, it is expected that these industries will also usher in good performance.

Finally, the micro-level impact. Due to the emergence of new industries and new models, fields including the shortcomings of agricultural infrastructure have brought investment opportunities to related enterprises. On February 6, 2065438+0616, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture issued "Guiding Opinions on Promoting Cooperation between Government and Social Capital in Agriculture" to encourage social capital to enter agriculture, including rural infrastructure and agricultural products storage and circulation.

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, the source of food and clothing for human beings and the foundation of survival. It is different from other industries. The structural reform of agricultural supply side has the following three characteristics.

First, the foundation. Agriculture involves people's basic food and land acquisition, and it is related to social stability.

Second, complexity. Agricultural production is different from industrial production, and there are great differences in planting structure and production habits between regions. If a one-size-fits-all policy is adopted, it will be very difficult to adjust the structure in such a large regional difference.

Third, it is uncontrollable. Industrialized products are produced by standard assembly lines and can be turned off, but agricultural products are greatly affected by natural disasters, market risks and policy risks.

Due to the three characteristics of the above-mentioned structural reform of agricultural supply side, if the structural adjustment of agricultural supply is not good, there will be great risks.

First of all, food production may decrease. Although the grain output is increasing, this growth is based on consuming resources and sacrificing the environment. In fact, our entire production capacity is unstable. In this case, the output may fluctuate greatly if the adjustment is not good.

Second, processing enterprises can't get loans. Most of the grain harvest is carried out through loans, and financial institutions are willing to provide loans when the grain market situation is good. However, under the current uncertain market situation, most of the assets of agricultural products enterprises such as grain harvesting enterprises, food processing enterprises and so on cannot be mortgaged, and financial institutions such as policy banks are unwilling to provide loans at this time.

Third, it leads to passive destocking. When we investigated, we found that most of the grain was stored in the outdoor cold storage of farmers, and the price of corn dropped from more than one yuan a catty last year to 5.5-6 cents now. In view of the fact that it is not the stage of centralized grain sales, it is estimated that after the Spring Festival, the price of grain in the stage of centralized listing will be around 60 cents, returning to the level of ten years ago. The decline in the price level has affected production, resulting in a decline in inventory.

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