Financial futures refers to a contract signed by both parties to buy or sell a financial asset at a certain price in a future delivery month. The main difference between it and forward contracts is that futures contracts are standardized contracts traded on exchanges.
Financial option means that the buyer of the option has the right to buy or sell a certain amount of related assets at the agreed price within the agreed time or period, and can also give up exercising this right as needed.
Financial swap refers to a contract in which two parties exchange future cash flows according to pre-agreed rules.