CFA, the full name of Chartered Financial Analyst, is also called Chartered Financial Analyst in China. In terms of gold content and strictness, it is a high qualification certification of the global investment community. In terms of ethics, professional standards and knowledge system, it has set norms and standards for the global investment industry! Therefore, it is also a certificate with high gold content in the financial sector.

A certified public accountant refers to a person who has obtained a certificate of certified public accountant and practices in an accounting firm. The English full name is certified public accountant, or CPA for short. Certified public accountant refers to a professional engaged in social audit/intermediary audit/independent audit. Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is an officially recognized CPA in China, and has the qualification to sign.

FRM, the full name of financial risk manager, also known as financial risk manager, is a high-gold qualification certification in the field of global financial risk management. Established by GARP, it is one of the highly recognized certificates in the field of risk management.

CFA, CPA, FRM exam content

CFA exam content: CFA exam is divided into three levels: Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. The exam is in English. There are ten examination subjects: professional ethics, quantitative analysis, economics, financial statement analysis, corporate finance, portfolio management, equity investment, fixed income investment, derivative investment and other investments.

Content of CPA examination: There are six courses in CPA professional stage examination, namely: accounting, auditing, financial cost management, corporate strategy and risk management, economic law and tax law. Comprehensive stage 1, comprehensive test of vocational ability (papers 1 and 2). Candidates should note that only after passing the professional stage can they register for the comprehensive stage. After passing the professional stage, candidates can get the professional stage certificate, and after passing the comprehensive stage, candidates can get the general certificate.

FRM exam content: FRM is divided into Volume I and Volume II. The content of PartI is mainly the basic content of financial and risk management. The second part is more practical, examining market risk, credit risk, operational and system risk and investment management respectively.

Employment prospects of CFA, CPA and FRM

CFA employment prospects: Holding CFA qualification certificate in investment field basically has certain advantages in entering Wall Street. Many investment management institutions in the United States, Canada, Britain and other countries have even regarded CFA qualification as a basic requirement for their employees, so financiers with CFA qualification certificates are definitely "hot cakes" in the financial sector.

Take companies that hire more CFA holders as an example. If the top companies in the industry need such talents, the gold content can be imagined.

World-renowned institutions that employ more CFA holders include Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, Morgan, Citigroup and PricewaterhouseCoopers. CFA holders are even more sought after in China. CFA is one of the documents issued by Shanghai Municipal Government to attract and gather top financial talents.

Employment prospects of certified public accountants: after obtaining the general qualification certificate, candidates have two career destinations: one is to enter an accounting firm and apply for certified public accountants after two years of audit experience; Second, if you don't join the firm, you can join the Institute of Accountants first and become a non-practicing member. Non-practicing members have to participate in continuing education after joining, so as to retain their qualifications permanently. Otherwise, the certificate will be invalid after 5 years. After obtaining the practicing certificate, you can become a certified public accountant. Generally, you can apply for a visa at an accounting firm. After a non-practicing certificate, you can only enter the enterprise as a financial manager or general manager, and you can't conduct visa review. In short, you can sign the audit report after practicing, but not after practicing. Non-practicing certificate is not as comprehensive as practicing certificate.

Employment prospect of FRM: The financial industry has always had benefits and risks, and high benefits also brought ultra-high risks. So now in China, whether it is financial holding companies, securities companies, futures and insurance, risk control is increasingly put on the agenda. The demand for financial management talents with FRM certificates has also increased dramatically. In addition, more than 80% financial institutions in the world have established the position of Chief Risk Management Executive Officer (CRO), which can also prove the bright future of FRM.

Generally speaking, the holders of FRM certificates are mainly employed by financial risk management department, financial unit audit department, asset management department, fund manager, financial trader, investment banker, commercial bank, risk technology industry, risk consultant, enterprise accounting and audit department. And CFO, MIS, CIO, etc.

Salary levels of CFA, CPA and FRM

When it comes to salary level, the same certificate, different countries, different industries and different personal abilities are all factors that affect salary, so the salary here is for reference only.

CFA salary level: Under the same circumstances, a CFA certificate is more easily recognized by the employer and has great benefits. The same experience, the income with certificate will be about 24% more; Regardless of experience, the difference is 54%. Average salary of CFA holders in USA, UK and Hong Kong:

Even if you only pass some CFA exams, the salary level has changed a lot:

★ Income of ★CFA Class I students: the basic salary is 240,000 yuan, the bonus is102,400 yuan, and the total annual income is 342,400 yuan.

★ Income of ★CFA Level II students: the basic salary is 436,000 yuan, the bonus is156,000 yuan, and the total annual income is 592,000 yuan.

★ Income of ★CFA Level III students ★ Basic salary is 565,438 yuan+04,800 yuan, bonus is 423,600 yuan, and total annual income is 938,400 yuan.

CPA salary level: CPA has a high gold content and the exam is very difficult. Many people think that the salary level of certified public accountants must be very high. In fact, the salary level of certified public accountants is far from what everyone thinks. According to statistics, the income of certified public accountants is the income of partners, top managers, managers and grassroots employees. The overall level of accounting firms, the average annual salary of senior managers is 225,000 yuan, the average annual salary of managers is 6,543,800 yuan+0,420 yuan, and the average annual salary of grass-roots employees is 6,654,380 yuan+0,000 yuan, which is much higher than the average income of white-collar workers and employees in other industries.

FRM salary level: FRM licensees can engage in a wide range of fields, so the salary statistics are not unique, but they are basically between 250,000 yuan and 6,543.8+0,000 yuan.

By contrast, have you found the one that suits you? There is no high or low certificate, only one is suitable for you. For example, CFA is more suitable for those who want to make a difference in the financial field, CPA is more suitable for those who want to make great progress in accounting, and FRM is more suitable for those who want to engage in risk management. Therefore, everyone should think carefully about their own situation before applying for the exam. You can't follow the trend of the market and ignore your career development. Only when you are suitable for yourself and like it, will you work harder in preparing for the exam and play your role in the future work.