1. Investment Banking Department

IBD (Investment Banking Department) is the investment banking department in investment banks.

2. Types of intestinal diseases

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are also called IBD.

Crohn's disease (CD) is also called localized enteritis, segmental enteritis or granulomatous enterocolitis. The disease is a chronic granulomatous disease of gastrointestinal tract with unknown causes. The disease involves all segments of the digestive tract from oral cavity to anus, but it is mostly found at the end of ileum and near colon. The disease is staged or leaping, and it is full-thickness intestinal wall inflammation.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), also known as nonspecific ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disease of rectum and colon with unknown causes. Lesions mainly involve large intestinal mucosa and submucosa, rectum and distal colon are the most common sites, but when the lesions are serious, they can also involve the whole colon and terminal ileum.

Belgin Wilson of Cornell University also pointed out in 2008 that a large number of experimental studies showed that it was the original intestinal flora, not the typical pathogenic bacteria, that participated in and caused IBD and other intestinal diseases. The basis is that the lesions of 1 and IBD are mostly located in the colon and terminal ileum with high concentration of intestinal bacteria. 2. Compared with IBD patients at rest, the bacterial species and quantity of intestinal flora in active IBD patients have changed greatly. The types and quantities of bacteria in the intestinal flora of these two types of patients are obviously different from those of healthy subjects.

3. Homologous genetic relationship (or blood relationship)

Homogeneity (IBD): If two or more alleles inherit the same ancestor allele and no recombination event occurs, we say that such alleles have the same consanguinity. It is also explained that the common DNA regions or common alleles in offspring all come from a common ancestor. The consanguineous identity (IBD) inherits 50% of the ancestral genes during parent-child mating, while identical twins inherit 100% of the ancestral genes.

There are two types of alleles, one is the IBD mentioned above, and the other is the same status (IBS). Isomorphism (IBS) shares the same genetic mutation among family members, and these mutations are accumulated in the genetic process (IBS also has the same ancestor allele as blood relatives in the early stage). Therefore, status-based identification (IBS) only considers the similarity of genetic markers or alleles among family members, regardless of whether they come from a common ancestor, and does not require parents' allele typing.

4. Diatom biological index

IBD (Biological Atomic Index) is between 1 ~ 20. The higher the numerical value, the better the water quality, and the lower the numerical value, the worse the water quality.