Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeast of China, with rich tourism resources and distinctive features, and the ice and snow resources rank first in China. The topography of the province is mainly mountainous and plain, and Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling are located in the west and north respectively. The forestland area is 6.5438+0.9 million square kilometers, and the forest coverage rate is 465.438+0.9%. Most of them are natural forests, which is a good place to develop forest tourism. There are many rivers in the province, and the water resources rank first in the northern provinces. Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Wusuli River, Nenjiang River, Suifenhe River, Jingbo Lake, Wudalianchi and other rivers and lakes are magnificent. The rich and colorful human resources are unique, the folk customs are rich, and the history of ethnic minorities goes back to ancient times. Heilongjiang Province is the birthplace of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Liao, Jin and Qing Dynasties. As a place where ethnic minorities in China have thrived since ancient times, Gaxian Cave, a site of ancestors 42,000 years ago, was discovered, which is the stone room in the old city where Xianbei ancestors first lived. Among the most distinctive ethnic minorities, there are Hezhe people who make a living by fishing, Oroqen people who make a living by hunting and Daur people who make a living by animal husbandry. The special human geography, landforms and climatic conditions constitute the quaint, primitive and magical tourism resources in Heilongjiang Province. A number of cities, such as Harbin, Daqing and Yichun, all have strong urban characteristics in northern Xinjiang, and beautiful mountains, rivers, forests and grasslands, wetlands, rivers and lakes can all provide eco-tourism. In addition, there are industries and agriculture such as Northeast Tiger Garden, Red-crowned Crane Habitat, Northern Lights, crater forest, large factories and mines, large agriculture and large oil fields, as well as border and transnational tourism to Russia carried out by Heilongjiang and Wusuli River. The above tourism resources have formed a number of special tourism such as ice lantern snow sculpture viewing, skiing amusement, hunting adventure, drifting sightseeing, recuperation and leisure, summer health, environmental ecology, scenic spots and historical sites, ethnic customs, border transnational and so on.
Seen from the air, the terrain of Heilongjiang Province is mainly mountains and plains. Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling are located in the west and north respectively, and the mountains in the southeast are part of Changbai Mountain system, including Zhangguangcailing, Laoyeling and Wanda Mountain. Songnen Plain is located in the southwest, alluvial by Songhua River and its tributary Nenjiang River, and Sanjiang Plain is located in the east, alluvial by Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River. These two plains are the main agricultural production areas in this province. Heilongjiang Province is located at 43.5 degrees north latitude, and the northernmost Hanjiang River is located at 53 degrees north latitude, with long and cold winters. From 1 1 month to March of the following year, it lasts for 7 months, and the average temperature is below zero degrees Celsius. In fact, latitude is like the thermometer of the earth. The higher the latitude, the lower the temperature. The temperature also depends on the angle at which the sun shines on the ground. In the south, the sun shines directly on the ground at noon, so the temperature rises sharply, but the sunshine angle of the Han River is only about 16 degrees, so the days are short and the nights are long, and the winter nights can be as long as 18 hours. Since the beginning of September, the Siberian cold current has reached the Han River, and the temperature has dropped significantly. Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Nenjiang River are frozen for thousands of miles, and the Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain are also snowing in Wan Li. When the temperature is below-10 degrees Celsius, water drops will become ice beads.
Heilongjiang Province, located in the northeast corner of China, has the lowest temperature in China. There are two world-recognized tourism resources on the land of 460,000 square kilometers: forest and ice and snow. The ice and snow festival in Harbin, the provincial capital, is crystal clear, showing the charm of ice sculpture art. During the hunting trip in Taoshan virgin forest, tourists can enjoy the fun of hunting in the snow. The summer climate in Heilongjiang Province is mild, and Sun Island, Wudalianchi and Jingbo Lake are all unique summer resorts. In recent years, relying on the advantages of resources, more than 30 kinds of special tourism projects have been developed, such as ice and snow scenery, summer vacation, transnational border, hunting, bird watching, steam locomotive viewing, folk customs, river scenery, ecological environment protection, drifting fishing and forest hiking. The special geographical location and unique tourism resources make Heilongjiang Province a special tourism base that has begun to take shape.
The province is surrounded by Daxinganling, Zhangguangcailing, Heilongjiang, Wusuli River and Xingkai Lake. Songhuajiang River and Nenjiang River impact plain are part of the Northeast Great Plain, with fertile black soil. Taking Xiaoxing 'an Mountains (Pingdingshan elevation 1429 meters, the highest peak in the province) as the boundary, the plain can be divided into two parts. The east is called Sanjiang Plain, also known as Sanjiang Lowland. Generally, the altitude is only 50 meters, and there are many swamps and wetlands. The western part is called Songnen Plain, with undulating terrain, with an altitude of 150-200m, and frozen soil at the northern end. There is a nature reserve in Zhalong, Hexiang. There are many kinds of volcanic landforms in Dedu County at the western foot of Xiaoxing 'an Mountains, such as Wudalianchi and Yaoquan Mountain, which are famous tourist and convalescent resorts respectively. There is a wonder of "underground forest" in Ning 'an County, which is deep in Zhangguang Cailing. The caves formed by ancient volcanic eruptions are winding, overgrown with weeds, trees and wild animals.
China's "Arctic" climate belongs to temperate and cold temperate monsoon climate. Winter is long and cold. Summer is short and cool, but the days are long and sunny. The average temperature in 1 month is -30℃ ~- 18℃, and the average temperature in July is 18℃-22℃. Mohe River in northwest China is called "Arctic Village" in China, with the lowest temperature of -52.3℃ (1969). There is no summer all year round, and you can see the magical Northern Lights around the summer solstice. The frost-free period in the province is 3 ~ 5 months. The annual precipitation is 400 ~ 700 mm, and more than 60% of the precipitation is concentrated in June, July and August. Sometimes there are dangers of early spring, summer waterlogging and autumn frost.
The granary is near the sea, and agriculture and animal husbandry are developed. There are large tracts of grassland and wasteland suitable for farming in this province, and there are large tracts of fertile wasteland in Songhua River and Nenjiang River basins. It is the famous "Great Northern Wilderness". After liberation, more than 65,438,000 state farms were established. At present, the province's cultivated land1.300 million mu, with a per capita 6 mu, ranking first in the country. The degree of agricultural mechanization and grain commodity rate (50%) are also the highest. It is the most famous surplus grain province in China, and the "Great Northern Wilderness" has become a "Great Northern Warehouse". Food crops include spring wheat, corn, rice, sorghum, soybeans, potatoes and so on. The output of cash crops such as beet, flax and sunflower ranks first in China, and Shangzhi Tobacco and Acheng Garlic are famous far and wide. The province is also an important forestry base in China, and the main tree species are Korean pine and larch. The timber accumulation is 65.438+0.64 billion cubic meters, accounting for about a quarter of the country, ranking first. Yichun is known as the forest capital of the motherland. There are precious fur animals such as mink and water wrasse in the mountainous area, as well as precious medicinal materials such as ginseng, velvet antler and tiger bone, musk and forest by-products such as fungus, mushrooms and pine nuts. This province is also one of the largest animal husbandry provinces in China, with cattle and horses as the main livestock. The lower reaches of Nenjiang River is a famous dairy farming base in China. White pig, an excellent pig breed in Harbin, is also very famous. Rivers and lakes are rich in fresh fish, and the fish production of Songhua River in this province accounts for about half of the whole province. Heilongjiang, Wusuli River specialty salmon, Jingbo Lake specialty big white fish.
Industrial transportation is the "hometown of power". After liberation, it became one of the industrial bases of machinery, oil, coal and forest industry in China. Harbin, known as the hometown of electric power, is famous for producing large generators, steam turbines, boilers and other electric equipment and tools. Qiqihar is one of the centers of China locomotive industry. Heavy industries in this province include oil in Daqing, coal in Jixi, Hegang and Shuangyashan, and forest industry in Yichun. The textile industry mainly produces chemical fiber, flax, skates, leather, dairy products, ponds, wine, paper and so on. The railway in this province is 7400 kilometers long, ranking first in the country. The roads in central and southern China are the densest. Cars that can be used during the ice age in navigable reaches such as Songhua River. Harbin has air links with Beijing, Shenyang and Jiamusi.
Harbin is an important industrial city and the political, economic and cultural center of the province, with a population of over 2.49 million. This city was liberated earlier in Northeast China. There is a memorial hall for the northeast martyrs in the city, and Sun Island on the Songhua River in the north of the city is a summer resort. In winter, the ice lantern exhibition in Zhao Lin Park and the nearby Shangzhi Ski Resort are also very attractive. Qiqihar is the industrial and commercial transportation center in the middle reaches of Nenjiang River, with a population of 6,543,8+0,900. Yichun is the central city of Xiaoxing 'anling forest region with a population of 790,000, and there is Tieli forest tourist area nearby. Mudanjiang City and Jiamusi City, with a population of 580,000 and 500,000 respectively, are emerging industrial cities in the southeast, with monuments of Bohai State, a local Manchu regime in the Tang Dynasty, and the spectacular Diaoshuilou Waterfall in Jingbo Lake nearby. Daqing is a new oil industrial city with a population of 7 1 10,000. There are also coal cities Jixi, Hegang, Shuangyashan and qitaihe city.