Securities investment fund is a kind of collective securities investment model with * * * returns and * * risks, that is, investors' funds are pooled by issuing fund shares, managed by fund custodians, managed and used by fund managers, and invested in financial instruments such as stocks and bonds. The future in English is the future, which evolved from the word "future". It means that both parties to the transaction don't have to deliver the physical object at the initial stage of buying and selling, but agree to deliver the physical object at some time in the future, so China people call it "futures".
Compared with stocks and bonds, securities investment funds have the following differences:
(1) Investors have different status. Shareholders are shareholders of the company and have the right to express their opinions on major decisions of the company; The bondholder is the creditor of the bond issuer and has the right to recover the due principal and interest; The fund unit holder is the beneficiary of the fund, which reflects the trust relationship. (2) The degree of risk is different. Generally speaking, the risk of stocks is greater than that of funds. For small and medium-sized investors, due to the limitation of the total amount of disposable assets, they can only directly invest in a few stocks, which violates the investment taboo of "putting all the eggs in one basket". When the stock they invest in falls due to the stock market or the financial situation of the enterprise deteriorates, their capital may be wiped out; The basic principle of the fund is portfolio investment, risk diversification, and investment in securities with different maturities and types in different proportions to minimize risks. Under normal circumstances, the principal of the bond is guaranteed, the income is relatively fixed, and the risk is smaller than that of the fund.
(3) The income situation is different. The returns of funds and stocks are uncertain, while the returns of bonds are certain. In general, the fund's income is higher than that of bonds.
(4) Different investment methods. Unlike investors in stocks and bonds, securities investment funds are an indirect way of securities investment. Fund investors no longer directly participate in securities trading and bear investment risks, but experts are specifically responsible for the determination of investment direction and the choice of investment objects.
(5) Different price orientations. In the case of consistent macro-political and economic environment, the price of the fund is mainly determined by the net asset value; The main factor affecting bond prices is interest rate; The stock price is greatly influenced by the relationship between supply and demand.
(6) Different ways of investment recovery. Bond investment has a certain term, and the principal will be recovered after the maturity; Stock investment is uncertain. Unless the company goes bankrupt and liquidates, investors shall not recover their investment from the company. If they want to take it back, they can only realize it at the market price in the stock exchange market. Investment funds vary according to the form of funds held: closed-end funds have a certain term, after which investors can share the corresponding remaining assets according to their shares. It can also be realized in the closed-end trading market; Open-end funds generally have no term, but investors can ask the fund manager for redemption at any time.
The difference between stocks and futures is: 1, the margin trading method of futures magnifies the function of your stock market funds at least ten times, and you have to exchange 10 thousand yuan for stocks; You only need to pay 65,438+00%, that is, 1000 yuan, and you can buy futures of 1 10,000 yuan. So your 1 10,000 fund can be used as110,000 investment. 2. Futures can be short. On the same K-line chart, stocks can only rise to make money. Fading can only wait. Futures can be short when they fall. First sell it at a high price of 10 yuan, and then buy it back at a low price in 5 yuan to earn the same 5 yuan price difference. 3. Futures are T+0, which can be sold immediately after buying, and many round trips can be made in one day. This increases the trading opportunities, and at the same time, you can stop immediately if you are wrong. 4. There are more opportunities in the futures market. If you can do more shorting, the chances will double compared with the stock market. Plus 10 times the capital amplification, it can be simply said that futures have 20 times the chance than the stock market. 5. Is futures really risky? Futures does have risks, but it is definitely not as big as people think. The risk of the futures market and the stock market is the same, and the most is loss, but the futures operation is improper or there is no stop loss, and the loss time is shorter than that of the stock market. The stock market can also slowly lose money. 6. The commodity futures market is easier to grasp than the stock market. There are only 10 varieties of futures and more than 2,000 stocks. Secondly, the fluctuation of commodity prices is a more pure law of supply and demand, not as complicated as the factors affecting stock prices. 7. On the same K-line chart, the views of stocks and futures are the same. Stocks can only fall, futures can fall. Therefore, there are more opportunities. If the price rises or falls by 10%, the stock will earn 10% and the futures will turn over. Therefore, there are more opportunities in the futures market and the margin of making money is greater. The technical analysis of stocks and futures is the same, and the principle of making money is the same.
When buying and selling stocks, you can bring your ID card to the securities company to open a Shanghai and Shenzhen trading account, handle the bank transfer custody procedures, deposit money in the account, and open online trading to buy and sell any variety. As for futures, you can go to the futures company to open an account and go through the relevant procedures!