20121171October 13:3 1 China business magazine review.
Yuan
"The world doesn't ask who you are, only what you can do." This is the wisdom of Mu Ouchu.
1On June 20th, 876, Mu Ou was born in a cotton merchant's family in Yangsi Town, Pudong, Shanghai. His surname is Xiang, and later he took the word "lotus root is flourishing, lotus flowers are waiting to be released".
1909, 34-year-old Mu Ouchu embarked on the road of studying in the United States at his own expense. With the ideal of "saving the country through industry", he entered several schools in the United States, such as the University of Wisconsin and Texas A&M College. Mu Ouchu believes that agriculture is the foundation of China, and the root of poverty in China lies in the countryside. "We must first improve agriculture and make the country prosperous, and then we can make it strong." While studying agronomy, Mu Ouchu attached great importance to studying management. At that time, the "management movement" in the western world was on the rise.
19 13 in the summer, mu ouchu rushed to taft farm in southern Texas to inspect the management system of the farm. In addition, he also visited Taylor, who is known as the "father of scientific management", and his disciple Gilbreth. The communication and discussion with top scholars made him deeply agree with the theory of scientific management. 19 13, Mu Ouchu graduated from the University of Illinois with a bachelor's degree in agriculture. Then he went to Texas A&M College to study cotton planting, textile and business management.
Since the First World War, China's national industry has developed rapidly. 19 14 After getting a master's degree in agriculture in the summer, Mu Ouchu set off for home. The booming scene of domestic industrial construction made him complacent. 1965438+July, 2004 12, at the invitation of Zhang Jian and Huang Yanpei, attended a lecture organized by Jiangsu Education Society. In his speech, he said that when he returned to China this time, he would not go into politics, but would devote his expertise to industrial construction. Zhang Jian praised this, saying that he "took a master's degree without seeking an official position, and he was learned without thinking about the value."
Mu Ouchu said: "The cotton spinning industry is the pioneer of a country's industrial development. If the products of its cotton spinning industry cannot meet the needs of the people, then this country must be backward in the world industry. " 1965438+In September, 2004, Mu Ouchu and his eldest brother Shu Zhai contributed 202,000 yuan to the society and bought a cotton mill located in Yangshupuhua Road, renamed as Deda Cotton Mill.
Based on Taylor's scientific management system, Mu Ouchu began to practice the new mechanism in Deda Cotton Mill. He believes in scientific management, but is not superstitious about dogma. According to his own understanding, combined with China's national conditions, he summarized scientific management as "saving time, spirit and material".
When he founded the enterprise, Mu Ouchu established a strict reporting statistics and financial management system. He personally draws up the sample report and gives it to the workshop leaders of all departments for reference, and reports it once a day to grasp the consumables, labor, time, quantity and quality in time. Before that, enterprises in China never knew what statements were. In management, the traditional foreman system was replaced by the engineer and technician system from the beginning. In production, because of the introduction of the most advanced American textile machine in the world at that time, colleagues came to visit the factory before the start of construction, and he also came to the net.
Mu Ouchu's action of "eating crabs" caused a sensation in the Republic of China. In June, 19 16, a product quality competition was held at Beijing Commodity Fair. At that time, the finest yarn in the country generally reached only 42, and only Mu's early cotton mill could spin 48. When the reporter interviewed the puppet at the beginning, he replied: "The quality of yarn production is three points in the machine and seven points in the man-made. This cannot be said to be the result of scientific management. "
In terms of market, Mu Ouchu paid attention to inspection. He believes that the winning way for enterprises lies in high-quality products. He studied the most popular Japanese cotton yarn in the market one by one, analyzed its advantages, and specified the length error of cotton (13 185, 0.00, 0.00%) fiber, the quality of cotton raw materials, the humidity of workshop air, etc. After more than a month's production, Baota brand cotton yarn produced by Deda Cotton Mill successfully occupied the market and won the reputation of "the crown of all cotton mills in Shanghai".
Three years later. Mu Ouchu published the Organic Law of Cotton Mills, which made everything that should be paid attention to in running cotton mills public without reservation. With his own actions, Mu Ouchu proved that the "Emerging Businessmen School" in Shanghai, which has been baptized by "European style and beautiful rain", has unique knowledge and style. Since 19 14 returned to China to 1920, with a great wish to serve the society, he came straight to the point and went all out. But in a short period of six or seven years, he founded three new textile mills in 6500 Zhengzhou: Deda and Housheng (19 16) and Yufeng.
192 1 year, raised by China Gonggong Bank. He actively improves technical products, attaches importance to employee welfare, implements the "March 8" system, and implements scientific management and good management. Known as the "king of cotton yarn" by Shanghainese. The funds of his three factories reached 5 million taels, including 65,438+10,000 spindles, sewing machines 1 1000 sets and 600 sets of looms, which created brilliant achievements.
However, although Mu Ou was full of ambition at the beginning, he was defeated repeatedly in the unique commercial soil of China at that time. 1924 during the great depression, his three cotton mills were in trouble one after another, Deda was acquired, and Housheng was liquidated because of shareholder quarrels. Zhengzhou Yufeng was affected because it was located in the main battlefield of warlord melee and was forced to mortgage it to American foreign firms.
1928, Mu Ou, frustrated in the shopping mall, initially entered politics. The newly appointed Deputy Minister of Industry and Commerce of the National Government has also formulated many modern industrial and commercial laws and regulations, including the Factory Law, the Trade Union Law and the Labor Dispute Settlement Law. He decided: "With the increasing complexity of personnel and society, all organizations should be based on the rule of law, and then there are certain tracks to follow and certain laws to follow."
1933 In response to the New Year's dream of Oriental Magazine, Mu Ouchu wrote a passage: "The rule of law must be implemented politically. The whole country must abide by the law equally, select real talents and clarify politics. In order to purify the government, corrupt and illegal officials must be severely punished according to law. Economically, we must ensure that industry (including workers, of course) promotes the development of production. In short, political clarity, developed industry and people living and working in peace and contentment are my personal dreams for China in the future. " It was with this dream that in the early 1930s, he almost participated in the activities of elites from all walks of life in Shanghai to promote constitutionalism.
Mu Ouchu has been in business for many years and accumulated rich wealth, but his daily life is very simple and he often wears old clothes. All his wealth is used to develop enterprises and finance education. He is not only the most enthusiastic administrator of China Vocational School, but also one of the signatories of 19 17 of the declaration on the establishment of Vocational Education Society. He made several donations and was in a very difficult position. He actually borrowed money from the bank in his own name.
1920, when his cotton mill just made a profit, he generously donated 52,000 yuan to Peking University, and invited Peking University President Cai Yuanpei and three scholars, Jiang Menglin, Hu Shi and Ma Yinchu, to recommend a group of young students to study in the United States. There is only one condition, that is, to send and train real talents and serve the motherland after their studies. The five people sent are all human-Luo Jialun, Kang, Duan Xipeng, Zhou and Wang Jingxi. Later, he also sponsored Fang Xianting, Jiang and others to study abroad, with at least 20 people before and after.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Mu Ouchu served as the chairman of the Agricultural Products Promotion Committee. In order to improve the shortage of cotton cloth in the rear, he invented the "July 7th cotton spinning machine". Because each machine only needs 1 operator, the production efficiency is several times higher than that of the old hand spinning machine, so it is very popular in the Kuomintang-controlled area and the northwest base area of * * *.
This is also the final professional contribution of the people who know cotton best in China. Soon, Mu Ou died of intestinal cancer. Before he died, he told his family that the shroud should be made of cotton instead of silk. Above his memorial hall, mourners sent elegiac couplets with four striking words-"Clothes all over the world".
As an industrialist, Mu Ou made a name for himself. At the same time, he also made great contributions to the rescue, protection and revitalization of the excellent traditional culture of the motherland, especially Kunqu opera.
Kunqu Opera is one of the oldest operas in China, and it is called the living fossil of China traditional culture. However, in the early years of the Republic of China, Kunqu Opera Troupe was trapped in livelihood and gradually faced with the fate choice of life and death.
19 18 At the beginning of this year, Mu Ouchu made friends with friends from Xie Sheng Group, Feng Chaoran, Xu Lingyun and Zhang Zidong, and gradually realized the artistic charm of Kunqu Opera, a cultural treasure of the motherland. He stepped forward, taking saving the quintessence of the country as his own responsibility and vigorously advocated it. 192 1 In the spring of, Mu Ouchu initiated and organized the Kunqu Opera Preservation Society in Shanghai.
The first thing that Kunqu Preservation Society did after its establishment was to record six and a half records for Kunqu master Yu Sulu at the high price of a 200 yuan at the end of 192 1 spring, so as to preserve the vocals of the descendants of Kunqu Tang Ye School. The second thing is to organize a special person to start sorting out and copying Kunqu music scores in order to preserve Kunqu music scores for future generations; Thirdly, the Kunqu Opera Studio was established in Suzhou, and a group of young successors who can inherit Kunqu Opera were trained.
Many of these young actors with the word "Chuanxi" trained by Chuanxi later became famous Kunqu opera actors in China. Mr. Zhang Geng, a China opera historian, said: "The history of China drama will never forget Mr. Mu Ouchu's contribution to the preservation of Kunqu opera.
The struggle history of Mr. Mu Ouchu's life is a living history of China's national industry. In addition to his great contribution to China's national industry, his contribution to helping students run schools and preserving Kunqu Opera, a unique traditional opera culture, is equally awe-inspiring. Although in the preface, he regrets that "a lifetime career is a few clouds; The spirit of half-life is called a mirage, but all walks of life unanimously praise his life, career and spirit. Perhaps the most appropriate and concise is Feng Yuxiang's "model of emphasizing agriculture and heavy industry and promoting industry;" Set a good example for future generations. "