When choosing cattle, we should choose cattle with high production performance. In practice, we should choose according to the market situation. For example, choose beef cattle breeds, and try to choose purebred beef cattle breeds, such as Charolais, Lanbaihua, Simmental, Piedmont, Hereford, Angus, South Devon and their hybrid offspring. In short, when selecting breeds, we should make appropriate and reasonable choices according to the scale of cattle raising and local breeds.

2 Scale determination

The scale of raising cattle should not be too large or too small, and it should be determined according to the comprehensive conditions of rural families, including existing cultivated land, grassland forage, existing family labor force and family economic situation. Generally, it is best to raise 10 ~ 30 cows for each labor force, but with the improvement of family comprehensive conditions, as many cows as possible can get better economic benefits.

3 The cattle structure is reasonable

Reasonable cattle structure is the guarantee to obtain the maximum economic benefit in cattle production, which is extremely important for farmers engaged in cattle production. First of all, we should determine the number of cattle (herd size) in that year, so that the annual slaughter number is equal to or less than about 50% of adult cattle. Then, according to the annual elimination rate of adult cattle of 15%, there should be corresponding reserve cattle, so reserve cattle should be used to supplement the eliminated cattle. Not all cattle can become reserve cattle, so reserve cattle should account for about 20%. In this way, cows of all ages should account for about 70% of the whole herd, and adult cows 15% MINUS eliminated cows 15%, plus reserve cows 15%, plus 20% cows can be calculated. Bulls of all ages should account for 30% of the whole herd. If the number of the whole herd is controlled at a certain level, the calves in that year will account for about 40% of the whole herd, including 20% for female calves and 20% for male calves. Therefore, the calf slaughter in that year should be less than that in that year, that is, the calf slaughter in that year should be less than 40% of the whole herd, and the proportion of herd structure should be appropriate, which is conducive to improving the economic benefits of cattle production.

4. Strengthen breeding and hybridization

In the improvement efforts of many cattle farmers, due to the neglect of introducing foreign blood and non-selective reproduction, the quality of cattle offspring has declined year by year. The following measures should be taken. First of all, we can improve the quality of the herd by introducing the same kind of excellent bulls into the herd. Secondly, the quality of the herd can be maintained by selecting excellent bulls and cows that are not directly related to each other for breeding. The third is to introduce excellent bulls with different qualities into the herd and improve the quality of the herd through hybridization. Fourth, conditional cattle farmers should establish pedigree files of cattle to prevent inbreeding, which is conducive to the improvement of cattle excellent trait genes, continuously improve production performance and increase economic benefits.

5. Reasonably reduce feed cost.

In rural areas, many cattle farmers don't pay attention to the comprehensive nutrition of feed, and feed whatever they have at home. Single feed, less concentrate. Too much roughage leads to insufficient nutrition, slow growth and development, low feed reward, decreased milk production of dairy cows and slow weight gain of beef cattle, which damages economic benefits. Therefore, it is advocated to scientifically prepare feed and feed full-price diet.

5. 1 homemade feed

The method of self-made feed includes scientific quantification. According to the nutritional requirements of different physiological stages, the concentrated feed is calculated, so that the nutritional value of the feed is consistent with the nutritional requirements of cattle at different stages. This method is generally difficult for cattle farmers to master. The other is "indigenous method", that is, compound feed, that is, a variety of feeds are mixed evenly in the same proportion. Because the nutrients contained in each raw material are complementary to meet the nutritional needs of cattle, the more kinds of raw materials in compound feed, the better, generally more than 6 kinds are needed. We should make full use of local feed materials.

5.2 Rational use of roughage

Because cattle are ruminants, they must be fed roughage. Feeding cattle with crop stalks treated by physical, chemical and biological methods can improve their nutritional value and reduce feeding costs.

5.3 Ratio of Concentrated Feed to Coarse Feed

Commercial cattle that are not used for seed and reproduction generally adopt the method of artificial rapid fattening to make them grow into adult cattle in a short time, and then slaughter them. To raise cattle well, we should pay more attention to the rationality of nutritional value, which requires a certain proportion of concentrated feed and roughage in daily feed. Zhuang Le Kang has a good fattening effect. If the proportion of concentrate is too high and there is too much nutrition, it will undoubtedly be a waste, which will lead to the slow growth of cattle and reduce production performance. The ratio of concentrated feed to roughage in general diet is 1: 1.3.

5.4 Add proper amount of urea to the diet to feed the cattle.

There are a large number of microorganisms that can utilize urea in the rumen of cattle. When feeding urea, it should be fed less first, and then added to the appropriate feeding amount after the flora that can use urea in rumen can multiply in large quantities. The daily intake of urea should be calculated as 0.03% ~ 0.05% of the group's body weight. Generally, the daily feeding amount of urea for 1 cow is 50g, and it is mixed in the feed for 2-3 times (the feeding times are the same). When feeding urea, you can also feed it with urea mixed with cooked corn batter and sorghum batter. It is forbidden to feed urea alone or dissolve urea in water, and drinking water shall not be supplied within 1 h after feeding.

6. Raising cattle in greenhouse.

In rural areas, whether beef cattle, fattening cattle or dairy cows are cultured in greenhouse in winter, it can artificially create a suitable environment conducive to the growth of cattle, reduce the calorie consumption of cattle, and use this energy to improve the economic benefits of raising cattle.

7 pay attention to insect repellent

Cattle are easy to be infected with internal and external parasites during feeding. Cattle infected with internal and external parasites grow slowly, produce less milk and meat, and even die in severe cases. Therefore, it is an important link that can not be ignored to do a good job of deworming cattle.

7. 1 deworming time

Farmers have to deworm cattle twice a year, in spring and autumn 1 time. Spring is February-April, and autumn is 9- 165438+ 10, so short-term fattening cattle should be deworming at the initial stage of fattening.

8 disease prevention

In order to prevent the spread of diseases, certain areas and shared facilities and utensils inside and outside the cowshed should be disinfected and sterilized. It can be used for disinfection and sterilization of sulfur, quicklime, potassium permanganate and flame. However, it should be noted that it is forbidden to use disinfectant with peculiar smell such as Lysol in the milk shed, so as not to affect the quality of milk. At the same time, cattle should be injected with vaccines to prevent diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.

In raising cattle, we should purchase excellent varieties, carry out careful feeding management and comprehensive disease prevention, so that cattle can grow, fatten and reproduce healthily in a good environment, which will bring us good benefits.