Generally speaking, Henan belongs to the north, and a small part belongs to the south (Xinyang City, Nanyang City, Henan Province). The north and south of our country are divided by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River. Most of Henan is north of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains. There is only Xinyang in the south of Huaihe River, and Nanyang has an excellent geographical position, just south of Qinling Mountain and north of Huaihe River. So in general, Henan is divided into North China. Moreover, in terms of cultural customs, Henan is close to Shaanxi, Shanxi and Shandong, and far from Hunan, Fujian and Guangdong. Historically, most areas in the south of Henan Province were dominated by the culture of the Yellow River basin, while areas south of the Yellow River, such as Hubei Province, were dominated by the culture of the Yangtze River basin, so Henan belongs to the northern province. Linguistically, Henan dialect belongs to the northern language family. Although it is quite different from Shaanxi dialect, Hebei dialect, Inner Mongolia dialect and Northeast dialect, everyone can basically understand it and communicate normally, but it is very difficult to communicate with the surrounding Hubei people, let alone Fujian, Yunnan and Guangdong. In terms of diet, as the saying goes, "Southern people like to eat rice, while northern people like to eat pasta.". The reality is that the staple food in most parts of Henan is pasta, which is accompanied by rice. There are many famous pasta in Henan, such as Fangcheng Hui noodles and Jiaxian noodles. From this perspective, Henan should belong to the north.
I. Henan Province
Henan, called Zhongyuan, Yuzhou and Zhongzhou in ancient times, is called "Henan" for short. Because most of it is located in the south of the Yellow River, it is named Henan. Zhengzhou, the provincial administrative region of People's Republic of China (PRC), is located in the middle of China, and is known as "the hinterland of Kyushu and the thoroughfare of ten provinces". Henan is located in the middle and east of China, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, bordering Anhui and Shandong in the east, Hebei and Shanxi in the north, Shaanxi in the west and Hubei in the south, showing the trend of looking north and south, and opening west in the east. Geographical coordinates: east longitude 1 10 west longitude 2 1'.
1 16 39', with a span longitude of 6 18' and a straight-line distance of about 580 kilometers; It starts from 3123' N in the south and ends at 36 22' N in the north, with a span of 4 59.
The straight line distance is about 550 kilometers. By the end of 20 14, there were * * municipalities directly under the central government 17, county-level cities 1, with Zhengzhou as the capital. The total population of Henan Province is 6.5438+0.0662 million, and the resident population is 94.36 million.
Henan Province is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the south of North China Plain, spanning the four major river basins of the Yellow River, Haihe River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River. Most of Henan Province is located in the warm temperate zone, and the south is subtropical, which belongs to the continental monsoon climate of transition from the north subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone. It also has the characteristics of transition from plain to hilly and mountainous climate from east to west, with four distinct seasons, simultaneous rain and heat, complexity and diversity, and frequent meteorological disasters. From south to north, the average annual temperature in the province is 10.5 ~ 16.7℃, and the average annual precipitation is 407.7 ~ 1295.8 mm, with the most rainfall in June-August, and the average annual sunshine 1285.7 ~ 2292.9 hours, with a frost-free period. The terrain is north-south, connecting east and west, and the terrain is high in the west and low in the east. Taihang Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain in the north, west and south are distributed in a semicircle along the provincial boundary. The central and eastern part is the Huang-Huai-Hai alluvial plain; Nanyang basin is in the southwest. Plains and basins, mountains and hills account for 55.7%, 26.6% and 17.7% of the total area respectively. Laoya tea in lingbao city is the highest peak in the province, with an altitude of 2413.8m; The lowest altitude is at the exit of Huaihe River in Gushi County, only 23.2 meters.
Henan is the birthplace of Chinese nation and Chinese civilization. Three of China's four great inventions, the compass, papermaking and gunpowder, were all invented in Henan. From Xia Dynasty to Song Dynasty, Henan has always been the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of China, and more than 20 dynasties established or moved its capital to Henan. South of the eight ancient capitals in China, there are four ancient capitals: Luoyang in the 13th dynasty, Kaifeng in the 8th dynasty, Anyang in the 7th dynasty, Zhengzhou in the Xia and Shang dynasties, Shangqiu, Nanyang, Xuchang and Puyang.
Henan is the province with the most dynasties, the longest history and the largest number of ancient capitals in China. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "most of the world's celebrities are in Zhongzhou", including Shang Tang, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Han Feizi, Fan Li, Shang Yang, Su Qin, Lv Buwei, Li Si, Jia Yi, Zhang Heng, Du Fu, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin, Li He and Yue Fei. ?
Henan is an important economic province in China. In 2020, GDP will be the fifth in China and the first in the central and western regions. Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange is the first inland futures exchange in China. Zhengzhou Airport Port Area is the only national airport economic experimental zone in China. China (Henan) Pilot Free Trade Zone is a newly established pilot free trade zone in China. 20 16 12, the state approved Zhengzhou to be selected as a national central city. The Central Plains urban agglomeration with Henan as the main body is the fourth growth pole of China's economy. Famous scenic spots in Henan include: Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Yin Ruins, Heaven and Earth, Songshan Mountain, Huangdi's hometown, White Horse Temple, etc.
Second, Xinyang
Xinyang is located at the southernmost tip of Henan Province, on the upper reaches of Huaihe River, with east longitude 1 14 06' and north latitude 3 1 125', with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain are in the west and south, covering an area of nearly 7,000 square kilometers, accounting for 37. 1% of the city's total area, which is the watershed of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. The central part is hilly, and the western part of Hefei-Huangchuan Basin is 50- 100 meters above sea level, covering an area of more than 7,000 square kilometers, accounting for 38.5% of the city's total area. In this area, terraces are layered, rivers and canals are vertical and horizontal, ponds and weirs are densely covered, and paddy fields are like nets. There are plains and depressions in the north, covering an area of more than 4,000 square kilometers, accounting for 24.6% of the city's total area.
Xinyang terrain is high in the south and low in the north, which is a stepped landform with alternating mountains and rivers and various forms.
1. The west and south are the southern mountainous areas of Henan Province, which consist of Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain. Surrounded by mountains, it covers an area of nearly 7,000 square kilometers, accounting for 36.9% of the city's total area. The two mountains are connected end to end, connected into an organic whole, winding along the border of Henan and Hubei, which is the watershed of the two major river basins in Jianghuai. Dabie Mountain is about 200 kilometers long in Xinyang, accounting for 80% of the southern part of Henan Province. Dongling is steep and majestic, with an altitude of more than 1000 meters. The western section is wide and gentle, mainly with low mountains below 1000 meters and occasional hills. Tongbai Mountain is 69 kilometers in Xinyang, accounting for 20% of southern Henan. The mountain is high and steep. Dabie Mountain-Jingangtai (elevation1584m) is the highest peak in Xinyang.
2. The central part is a hilly area, located in the north and south of Henan, south of the connecting line of Minggang, Zhaihe and Gushi, with an altitude of 50- 100 meters and an area of more than 7,000 square kilometers, accounting for 38.5% of the city's total area. Due to the intense cutting and erosion of Huainan river system, the hilly terrain with a height difference of 20-40 meters was formed, and the morphological combination characteristics of hills and valleys were formed. This area is Xinyang's grain production base, with terraced fields, vertical and horizontal canals, dense ponds and rice fields, which look like Jiangnan scenery.
3. The northern part is Huanghuai Plain and depression, covering an area of more than 4,000 square kilometers, accounting for 24.6% of the city's total area. Among them, the plain elevation
59 meters, accounting for17% of the city's total area; The depression is 22-35 meters above sea level, mainly distributed on both sides of the Huaihe River, accounting for the total area of the city.
7.6%。
Third, Nanyang:
Nanyang is located in the southern foot of Funiu Mountain, and Tongbai County in the southeast is the birthplace of Huaihe River. Therefore, most of Nanyang is located in the north of Huaihe River, and a few areas are located in the south of Huaihe River. It can be said that Nanyang is located on the dividing line between Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, which is the dividing line between north and south of China and belongs to the transitional zone between north and south. Nanyang, like Xinyang area, belongs to the northern subtropical monsoon climate zone, with unique climatic advantages. Whether it is wheat and apples in the north or citrus, rice and sugarcane in the south, it can grow well here. Huainan is orange and Huaibei is orange, which shows the influence of climate difference between north and south on vegetation growth. Xichuan in Nanyang is the northernmost citrus producing area in China, while Tongbai and Neixiang are important tea planting, production and processing bases in our province, and the tea output in Nanyang ranks second only to Xinyang in the province. Tongbai, Tanghe, Nanzhao and other counties have large areas of rice planting areas, and people in Nanyang rice-producing areas prefer to eat rice. The planting area and yield of rice in Nanyang area are second only to Xinyang, ranking second in the province.
Nanyang borders Shiyan, Xiangyang and Suizhou in Hubei Province. Apart from many similarities in dialects, there are also similarities in living and eating habits in several areas. For example, Regan Noodles in Hubei Province was improved into Wozi noodles in Dengzhou, Nanyang, and eye-catching signs of Xiangyang beef offal noodles can be seen everywhere in the streets of Xinye and Tanghe, Nanyang. Hubei cuisine's integration with local snacks has become a part of people's daily habits here. Nanyang and Xinyang in Henan belong to the southern region in terms of natural division and administrative division, but they maintain close ties with the northern region. Influenced by the northern culture in different degrees, we can only say that this is a transitional zone between the north and the south, with both characteristics of the north and the south, mainly in the south and diverse cultures.