The first scholar in Xia Dynasty was built in the early years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, with a history of 120 years. It was built by Xia Tong and his father before he won the first prize with a total area of 1 177.8 square meters.
, with a building area of 877.6 square meters.
. There are three halls, two east-west wings and three halls. The firewall at both ends of the house is in the shape of a three-story archway. Bucket handle is empty, with high eaves and high teeth, decorated with exotic flowers and birds, which is heavy and elegant. The courtyard, with a length of10m and a width of 8m, is paved with bluestone and moderately hot and cold. Outside the hall, a bronzing plaque engraved with the words "No.1 Scholar" hangs in the middle of the door, and couplets inscribed by Xia Tong and No.1 Scholar "Fight for Chongming's virtue and love Jingguang at any time" are hung vertically on both sides of the door. The font is rich and solemn, graceful and popular. Now the plaque and couplets have been lost, but fortunately the photos of the couplets are still preserved, so that future generations can support the ink style of the champion.
Xia Tonghe, a native of Gaojian, Massachusetts, likes learning very much since he was a child. When he was young, he often competed with his classmates to read enlightenment books such as You Xue Qiong Lin. Xia Zhuangyuan's father is Xia, a county magistrate. After his father died, Xia Tonghe and his cousin Xia, a Taoist in Guangdong, studied in Guangxu for nineteen years.
(1893), participated in the rural examination in Shuntian, and was born in the imperial examination, ranking 29th; In April of the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), he trudged from his hometown in Guizhou to Wanli to take the exam of the Reform Movement of 1898 in Beijing, won the Gong Shi list, and was among the best in Gong Shi after the second interview. He was allowed to take part in the palace test with Gong's family in Baohe Hall, and was asked about major policies such as "seeking talents, learning martial arts, and slowing down wealth". Xia Tonghe was dazzled by his incisive and original views. After that, Xia Tonghe was sent to Hunan 1902 as the deputy examiner of Geng Zi Xin Chou Division. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), he was sent by the Qing government to study in Japan for six years. After 19 1 1 was born, he served as the director of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Industry.
The ancients said that "the mountain is not high, and the fairy is not in the name; The water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit. " The former residence of Xia Zhuangyuan also illustrates this problem. On the one hand, compared with other famous colleges, Xia Zhuangyuan may be a little plain and cramped, but this just shows Xia Tonghe's personality of seeking truth from facts and not making public. On the other hand, Xia Tonghe said in his Four-legged Song that "the ugly girl is my wife, and she can't be beautiful or enchanting. I just want her to keep her position, but she is virtuous enough; The fool is my son. If you are smart or not, just call him respecting the virtuous and the old, but filial piety is enough. The cabin is where I live, so I can't be gorgeous and comfortable. I just want it to be sheltered from the wind and rain, but the cold is enough. Coarse grains are my food, so I can't eat well. I just hope it's rich in three meals, but enough to satisfy my hunger. Look at his house, recall his poems and his personal interests, and you can get a general idea.
In addition, Xia Tonghe's calligraphy is excellent in addition to administrative composition. Known as one of the "three great calligraphers" in the late Qing Dynasty. According to historical records, the ink on the tablet of "Li Anding Village" inscribed by him for the hometown of Guangdong friend Qiu was photographed and preserved by Lingnan literature and history. The couplet "Make friends at the latest, celebrate the anniversary" written for the sake of keeping friends alive is collected by Guizhou Museum.
14 (1925), Xia Tonghe suffered a heart attack and died in Beijing's Pichai Hutong apartment after treatment. At the age of 57, he was buried near Qinglong Tower in Xibalizhuang, outside Fuchengmen, Beijing. In order to praise the reputation of the champion, in the early years of the Republic of China, Tuanpo Lane in Guiyang City, where Xia Tonghe lived, was renamed Champion Street. After liberation; In order to distinguish it from Cao Zhuangyuan Street, it was renamed Xia Zhuangyuan Street, and his apartment on Nankou North Road, where he chopped firewood in Beijing, was also called "Xia Zhuangyuan". .
There are many interesting legends about the champion, one of which is "The Lion King Watching the Dragon Fight". Lion Mountain, on which the champion depends, looks like a sleeping lion with its head held high from a distance, corresponding to the opposite flaming mountain and crooked mouth slope. According to folklore, a bull dragon in Flame Mountain and Malone in Waizuipo had a fierce battle for this geomantic treasure. When people were about to get hurt, the Lion King stepped forward to help Malone and defeated Niu Long. Niu Long's anger just turned into a "crooked mouth slope"; The second one is: Ginkgo won the championship. There are two ancient ginkgo trees in the north of Zhuangyuan Village, a man and a woman, guarding the "Zhuangyuan Land" like brave soldiers. Legend has it that when the male and female trees have nothing to do with bickering, the female tree lightly blames the male tree for living under the bamboo hedge garden, and has no ambition or great power. In a rage, the male ginkgo went to Beijing under the pseudonym Bai, defeating Qunru and winning the first prize. Later, the court sent an imperial envoy to Gaojian to win the first prize in Beijing, but after asking all the people in Gaojian, they all said that there was no family with this name, so they had to send an imperial envoy. The third is "butterfly". According to legend, around the 25th day of Guangxu (1899), Xia Tong and the champion returned to their hometown to worship their ancestors, and thousands of butterflies danced to congratulate them. Colorful butterfly arrays flicker in the mountainous countryside around Gaojian Summer Resort. After only three days, they gradually disappear.
Gaojian Village, where the champion is located, was called huilong town in ancient times, and was named after the mountains and rivers. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it took the name and meaning of Shangqing Bridge beside Qingping River in the east of the village and Erlang Temple in the village, and renamed it Qingping Division. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the villager Jiang Tuhong (known as Jiang Million) used Yangluobu as scaffolding to build a bridge at high altitude, and led the spring water from the west slope of the village to the foot of Shishan Mountain to raise fish. Gao Jian's name came from this.
In the past, Gao Jian once had a jingle: "A glimpse of three places (temple), a nine-step three-hole bridge (Shangqing Bridge), yellow leaves at the bridge head, and five people holding hands (a yellow leaf firewood grows on the hexagonal tower) are the signs to test whether you are a real Gao Jian person. Now, people over 60 still remember.
Of course. These, like Xia Tong and the top scholar, have already become yesterday's history.