Shareholders are not capitalists. Shareholders and capitalists of joint-stock companies are two different concepts! Shareholders, also known as "stock holders", are people who pay stocks, enjoy dividends and bonuses, own equity and bear the company's debt responsibilities. Capitalist refers to the capital owner who obtains surplus value by exploiting wage labor with the ownership of capital. Therefore, "shareholder" is not equal to "capitalist". Of course, if capitalists invest in joint-stock companies, they will become shareholders of joint-stock companies. In order to become a capitalist, shareholders must have two necessary conditions. First, the share capital in the hands of shareholders should be converted into capital: because only by using the share capital as capital can we bring surplus value to shareholders and shareholders can be transformed into capitalists; If share capital is to be used as capital, there must be labor goods. Then only in terms of capital can social labor become a commodity. Only in this way can capital stock be transformed into an umbrella and shareholders into capitalists. Secondly, shareholders must have the minimum amount needed to convert money into capital. Because not any currency can be converted into capital. Even under the capitalist system, shareholders cannot all be capitalists. For example, ordinary workers don't have much money to invest in shares, and they hold few shares, so they get less dividends, so it is impossible to reach the minimum of converting borrowed money into capital. Such shareholders cannot become capitalists. It seems that these two conditions no longer exist under the socialist system. First, the workers in the socialist factory are the masters of the means of production, and the labor force cannot be a commodity. Therefore, shares cannot be converted into capital, and shareholders will not become capitalists; Second, the private shareholders of socialist joint-stock companies are basically laborers. They are not divorced from labor, and dividends are not their main income. The shares they hold are generally part of the savings in consumption, and their amount is far from the limit of the amount converted into capital. To sum up, the essential difference between private shareholders and capitalists of socialist joint-stock companies lies in: 1. Attached to different economic bases. China's joint-stock company is an enterprise organization with public ownership as the main body and individual shareholders attached to the socialist joint-stock company, which is based on the mutual assistance and cooperation between people in the socialist commodity economy. Capitalists, as owners of capital, are attached to joint-stock companies based on capitalist private ownership, which embodies the relationship between capitalists and workers. (Futures account) 2. The sources of equity are different. The share capital of individual shareholders in China's joint-stock companies is the savings part of workers' labor income. Capitalists' share capital is a part of capital and a part of surplus value created by exploiting and hiring laborers. 3. The purpose of investment. The purpose of individual shareholders' investment in China is to increase their personal savings, prepare funds for housing, children's schooling and old-age care, and satisfy their personal interests. On the other hand, it has also supported socialist economic construction and contributed to solving the problem of insufficient funds for national construction. This reflects that in socialist countries. The fundamental interests of the state, the collective and the individual are the same. The sole purpose of capitalist investment in shares is to increase the value of capital, expand the scope of exploitation and maximize the surplus value created by workers on the premise of expanding the total capital. 4. The income from shareholding is different. China's dividend comes from the profits created by socialist enterprises, which is a reasonable deduction of the labor achievements of workers in socialist enterprises. It reflects the contribution of social benevolence and righteousness to shareholders' support for national construction. The dividend of capitalist joint-stock companies is essentially a part of surplus value, which is created by capitalists exploiting workers. Every capitalist shareholder is rewarded for transferring the right to use capital by virtue of his capital ownership. Therefore, the dividend obtained by capitalists is a kind of exploitation income.