1, distribution of hard winter white wheat

China's wheat is divided into 10 producing areas, and Huanghuai winter wheat area has the largest yield. The main producing areas are in most areas of Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and Anhui; Shaanxi and parts of Shanxi. The output of hard winter white wheat in Henan, Shandong and Hebei provinces accounts for about 60% of the national total output.

2. Distribution of high quality and strong gluten wheat

Over the years, scientific research institutions around the country have developed and cultivated many high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties, but relatively few varieties have been popularized and planted to form a scale.

High-quality strong gluten wheat varieties planted in winter wheat areas (according to the location of breeding units) mainly include Zhongzuo 9507, 890 1, Gaoyou 503 and Baiyongdong 2, Yumai 34 and Zhengmai 9023, Jinan 17, Yannong 19 and 955/kloc-0.

The spring wheat areas mainly include Wild Cat, Barley Wheat, Xiaobingmai 33, Liaochun 10, Long Mai 26, etc. In addition, Ningxia Liang Yong No.4 also showed excellent and stable quality.

Quality changes of main high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties: After years of cultivation and popularization, there are many high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties in China, but there is a phenomenon of quality degradation. There are only 10 varieties with large planting area and stable quality, and the quality of these varieties changes year by year. The geographical distribution trend of high-quality strong gluten wheat quality in China is gradually getting worse from north to south. Due to the influence of climate in planting areas, the quality of the same high-quality strong gluten wheat variety is obviously different in different regions and years, which affects the quality of high-quality strong gluten wheat that meets the standards.

The cultivation of excellent wheat is different from ordinary wheat, which requires continuous cropping, single harvest and single storage, so as to effectively ensure the quality of excellent wheat. An important reason for the stable quality of wheat in the United States, Canada and other countries is that the wheat planting areas in these countries are divided according to different ecological zones, and the same type of varieties are planted in a large contiguous area. Due to the small scale of production in China, one family grows high-quality wheat, and a township often grows several or even a dozen different wheat varieties, which leads to a serious decline in quality. With the improvement of people's awareness of marketization and the development of wheat industrialization in China, the quality of domestic high-quality wheat will be gradually improved.

In 2003, there were as many as 2/kloc-0 varieties registered as strong wheat warehouse receipts, which were widely distributed, such as Long Mai 26 in Northeast China, Xinjiang 5 in Xinjiang and Wanmai 38 in Anhui. There are both red and white wheat, but white wheat is the main one, and few varieties form a scale.

The main registered varieties of strong gluten wheat are Yumai 34 (5 1%), 89O 1 (14%), 9023(l2%%) and 955 159 (8%) Gaoyou 503. These varieties are mainly concentrated in Henan, Hebei and Shandong provinces.

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Study on the characteristics of 1 and hard winter white wheat varieties

1) has many categories. Because there is no requirement for intrinsic quality, as long as the physical indicators can meet the standard, there are many varieties of this kind of wheat, especially in the process of wheat structure adjustment in recent years.

2) Wide distribution area. In the north or south of Henan, Hebei and Shandong, there are hard winter white wheat in parts of Anhui, Jiangsu and Shaanxi.

3) Good quality control. Because this variety only pays attention to physical indicators, and the cutin rate and imperfect grains in the indicators can be grasped by investors with practical experience.

4) Most varieties are high-quality wheat. Judging from the actual situation of futures delivery, the subject matter of delivery is generally high-quality wheat in the spot market, that is, wheat planted with excellent varieties.

5) Widely used. Because this variety only requires physical indicators, its internal quality is uncertain, and the internal quality of the varieties that meet the standards is quite different, which can meet the needs of different grades of flour mills.

2. Characteristics of high quality and strong gluten wheat varieties

1) dedicated. Mainly used for processing and making bread, Lamian Noodles and jiaozi and other foods that need strong flour.

2) High internal quality requirements. Because flour processing enterprises have certain requirements on the intrinsic indexes of high-quality strong gluten wheat, the contract of high-quality strong gluten wheat has strict requirements on the falling value, wet gluten, stretching area and stability time of wheat. To grasp its quality, it is generally necessary to know the variety and origin.

3) The variety is relatively single. Due to the limitation of planting conditions in China, not all varieties can meet the standard. Generally speaking, planting needs a certain scale. For example, Yumai 34, Gaoyou 503, Zhengzhou 9023, Gaocheng 890 1, 955 159, tobacco farmers 19, Jinan 17, etc.

4) The distribution is relatively fixed. Due to the influence of soil and climate, as far as the current situation is concerned, most parts of northern Henan and Zhumadian and Xuchang in the south; Shijiazhuang, Hengshui and Xingtai in Hebei; Shandong Dezhou, Liaocheng, Tai 'an, Jining and other places have relatively high compliance rates.

5) Both production and consumption are increasing. In the past two years, under the national policy of vigorously promoting high-quality wheat, the planting area of high-quality wheat varieties has increased greatly; With the improvement of income level, people's demand for refined flour is gradually increasing, and their consumption habits are also changing, which all affect the consumption of high-quality strong gluten wheat. The general trend is that the consumption of high-quality strong gluten wheat is increasing slowly year by year.

6) High standard requirements. There are high requirements for temperature, climate, seeds, field management, planting conditions and storage. If you don't pay attention to a certain link, it will directly affect the quality index.

7) The value is higher. The price of high-quality wheat is generally higher than that of ordinary wheat. At the initial stage, it was 15%-30% higher than the market price of ordinary wheat.

8) The price fluctuates greatly. High-quality strong gluten wheat is greatly influenced by policies, import and export, yield, weather and other factors, and the price fluctuates greatly every year.

According to the test, almost all high-quality wheat is completely different in different ecological areas; There are differences in the quality of excellent wheat of the same variety in different areas and even in different fields in the same ecological region. Some of them can meet the strong wheat standard, while others can't. In recent years, when developing excellent wheat in many places, they only pay attention to setting indicators and tasks at different levels, ignoring the trial planting and demonstration of high-quality wheat, and hastily guiding farmers to plant excellent wheat varieties that are not suitable for the ecology of the region, resulting in a serious decline in the quality of excellent wheat. For example, a place with mild and humid climate was originally suitable for planting medium-gluten wheat, but in 200 1 year, the county and township governments in this place blindly guided farmers to plant 300,000 mu of strong-gluten wheat, and as a result, they could not meet the standard of strong-gluten wheat after harvest, so farmers had to sell it as ordinary wheat.