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How do market makers deal with the imbalance between long and short positions?
Understand a problem, market makers not only quote, but also quote volume. The obligation of the market maker is to close the transaction according to the quotation, not to close the transaction through the quotation indefinitely.

For example, market makers quote:

Q: 1.0002 100

Bid: 1.0000

For example, if a customer wants to buy 200 lots, it is impossible to close 200 lots at 1.0002, but will close 200 lots at 1.0002 100, and then continue to close positions at 1.0003 and 1.0004.

Market makers will try their best to ensure that their positions are flat. In theory, for example, if everyone wants to buy at one time, then the market maker will continue to quote higher prices (the dynamic spread will expand the spread and the non-dynamic spread will be quoted together). The higher the price, the fewer people buy and the more people sell. In fact, the number of buyers and sellers is basically equal to the quotation of market makers at any time. Moreover, market makers have many advanced algorithms to ensure the balance of quotations. Generally speaking, the quantity bought must be equal to the quantity sold.

Of course, sometimes market makers can't even make a list, so they will go to a higher level market to hedge (for example, foreign exchange means going to the interbank lending market, and US stocks go to other market makers, etc.). ), but this rarely happens.