First, the nature is different.
1, capital market line
The Capital Market Line (CML) refers to a ray that shows the simple linear relationship between the expected rate of return and the standard deviation of the effective portfolio.
2. Capital distribution line
The capital distribution line is a line that allocates a certain amount of capital between a specific risky asset portfolio and a risk-free asset portfolio after the introduction of risk-free lending, and describes the relationship between expected returns and risks of all possible new portfolios.
Second, the required factors are different.
1, capital market line
It is a portfolio composed of risky assets and risk-free assets along the effective boundary of the portfolio.
2. Capital distribution line
It is to mark the characteristics of portfolio on the plane coordinate of expected return-standard deviation (as a function of y). Since the standard deviation of risk-free assets is 0, risk-free assets F should appear on the vertical axis, and the intercept is risk-free rate of return. When y is between 0 and 1, the problem of the combination of risky assets and risk-free assets appears.
Third, the expression is different.
1, capital market line
Expression: total expected rate of return = risk-free interest rate+[(expected rate of return of risk portfolio-risk-free interest rate)/standard deviation of risk portfolio] × total standard deviation.
2. Capital distribution line
Expression: r=r(f)+[r(m)-r(f)]*σ/σ(m).
pattern classification
The necessity of capital allocation lies in the scarcity of capital. The scarcity of capital objectively requires people to rationally allocate capital, that is, enterprises should rationally arrange the capital source structure under the constraint of capital scarcity and use limited capital where it is most needed. The optimal allocation of capital can optimize the financing structure and investment structure and improve the capital output rate. Enterprise capital allocation can adopt administrative allocation and market allocation.
Under the administrative allocation mode, capital allocation is mainly carried out through administrative rights, administrative means and administrative mechanisms, and the process of capital allocation is generally: capital-plan-enterprise. The administrative distribution model has the characteristics of unity, compulsion and verticality, which can reflect the administrative intention and realize the allocation of funds according to administrative preference.
Disadvantages of this method
However, administrative distribution has many shortcomings:
(1) It cuts off the connection between enterprises and the market, making it difficult for enterprises to adapt to the rapidly changing market environment;
(2) Because special economic interests are not allowed, it inhibits the enthusiasm of enterprises, and the behavior of capital allocation often appears obstacles due to the influence of interest mechanism;
(3) The efficiency of capital allocation depends on the efficiency of administrative rights, administrative means and administrative mechanisms;
(4) The allocation of capital is often one-off. Once the capital is allocated, it is difficult to choose and reorganize through the market. Under China's planned economy system, this distribution method is basically adopted in both the acquisition, utilization and income distribution of capital.
function
The capital allocation function of the securities market refers to the function of guiding capital flow through securities prices, so as to realize the rational allocation of capital.
Capital market, also known as long-term capital market, is an important part of financial market. As a theoretical concept corresponding to money market, capital market usually refers to the market for medium and long-term (more than one year) lending and financing activities of funds (or assets). Because long-term financial activities involve long-term capital, high risk and long-term stable income, which is similar to capital investment, it is called capital market.
In essence, capital is wealth, usually in the form of money or physical property. There are mainly two kinds of people in the capital market: those who look for capital and those who provide it. People looking for capital are usually industrial and commercial enterprises and the government; People who provide capital are those who want to make a profit by lending or buying assets.
Capital, in the economic sense, refers to the basic factors of production used in production, that is, capital, factories, equipment, materials and other material resources. In the fields of finance and accounting, capital is usually used to represent financial wealth, especially financial assets used for doing business and starting enterprises. In a broad sense, capital can also be regarded as the general name of various social and economic resources for human beings to create material and spiritual wealth.
The capital market is just one of the market forms. The market consists of sellers and buyers, sometimes in physical space, such as farmers' markets or large shopping malls, and sometimes in electronic environment. The financial market is the market where financial products are traded. For example, the money market has established the mutual parity of currencies of various countries, and market participants can meet their needs or make investments by trading various currencies. Similarly, commodity futures market and capital market are also designed to meet the different financial needs of buyers and sellers.
The securities market is the place where stocks, bonds, investment funds and other valuable securities are issued and traded, and it is the main component and typical form of the capital market.