During the Warring States period, the commodity economy developed unprecedentedly, and the copper smelting technology became more and more mature, which created conditions for the generation of metal coins in later generations. From the late Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, there were four major currency systems in China: cloth currency, knife currency, money and copper imitation shell. This history lasted about 300 years until Qin Shihuang unified the currency. Popular in Wei, Jin, Han, Zhao, Yan (part) and other vast areas of the Central Plains, widely used in areas where farming is the main form of production, such as southern Hebei Province, all of Henan Province, most of Shaanxi Province, and north-central Shanxi Province. The shape of cloth coins originated from the shovel in the production of farm tools, which was called shovel in ancient times. Qi and cloth are similar in pronunciation, and later generations think that money is not enough to travel around the world and spread everywhere, so it is called cloth currency. Existence determines consciousness, because it is mainly based on agricultural production, so the form of money is also like agricultural tools.
Generally speaking, cloth coins have gone through two stages, the early stage is empty cloth, that is? Shovel? Its head is hollow and it can still hold the handle, just like a modern spade can be inserted into a wooden handle. Later, there was no empty heart, but it was flattened, which was called flat cloth. The shape is also much smaller, and the flat cloth is much more convenient to use than the blank cloth, and it also saves resources. This is the progress of history.
The size and shape of short cloth and flat cloth vary from region to region. There are three kinds of empty cloth: large, medium and small. From the shoulders of cloth coins, there are flat shoulders, inclined shoulders and shrugs. Judging from the feet of cloth coins, there are square feet, round feet and pointed feet. Some have nothing to say, and some have something to say. There are words from a single word to multiple words. From the unit of measurement, there are? Zhu? (baht) as a unit of measurement, with? Two? For the unit of measurement, there are? Hey? Used as a unit of measurement. Have to? Hey? Used as a unit of measurement. If you only look at the shape, some flat-headed cloth coins are neither like round feet, nor like pointed feet or square feet. The currency world calls it special-shaped cloth.
At the end of the warring States period, Chu also cast a big piece of cloth, which read? What is this? . Big shot, the currency world is called Chu Dabu. At the same time, it also has a small, facebook? Four pieces of cloth? Recite the text? What time? . It should be a token of Dabu, which is very rare.
What else? Three holes of cloth? , old name? Three holes of cloth? . It was cast in the late Warring States period around the 3rd century BC. Similar to a round head, shoulders, feet and crotch; The uniqueness lies in that the head and feet of the cloth have a round hole, so it is called? Three holes of cloth? . Most of the surface texts are place names, and the back texts have records and values. There are two kinds: large and small. What is the basis of each kind of cloth? Two? 、? Zhu? Weigh. The length of the big difference is 5. Five centimeters, eight grams. Colonel, recite the text? Twelve Zhu? That is, half two. The fabric size is exactly 2: 1. The three holes in the cloth are: Shangmao, Xiamao, Shangyuan (Ai), Anyang, Nanxingtang (Yuyang) and Shang? , down? Yang, the platform? , North Jiumen, Xiang, Xiang, Yi, Jealous City and other places. 1983 Another unique one was unearthed in Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province? Song Zi? There are about 15 species. There are three views on the textual research of three-hole cloth: 1. The three-hole cloth was made in Qin dynasty, which should be; 2。 Round foot, shaped like Zhao, was unearthed in Zhao's hometown as Zhao currency; 3。 At the end of the Warring States period, after Qin occupied Zhao, Zhao minted this currency. The three-hole cloth is exquisitely cast, unique in shape and elegant in appearance, and the number handed down from generation to generation and unearthed is very small. So far, only dozens of ancient Chinese coins are hidden in China. Fifty Jane? One.
All kinds of cloth coins can be described? Let a hundred flowers blossom? This is a common phenomenon before Qin Shihuang unified measurement. ? Knife coins are popular in most areas of Qi (Shandong Peninsula) and a few areas of Yan and Zhao. Qi in the east and Yan in the north mainly use knife coins. Knife points? Yan Ming Dow? And then what? Strange way? Two types. The shape of knife coins is similar to that used by northern nomadic people such as Shanrong and Beidi. Qi is located in the seaside, benefiting from fishing and salt, and its economy is relatively developed. Knife is an indispensable production tool for fishing and hunting homes, so this form of tool has become the currency of Qi. Knife coin reference.
Is there a knife face? Change? Word for word? Knife? . The back of the knife is divided into arc back, folded back and straight back, and the cutter head is divided into flat head and pointed head. It was also an early copper coin in China. The blade is big and heavy, with characters, including three characters, four characters, five characters and six characters. The name of the three-character knife coin: Qi Fahua. Simplify complexity, law is law, and unity is meaning. Qi's legal tender . Because Qi's Taoist coins are big and heavy, they are called "Taoist coins" by the coin industry. Qi broadsword? It is different from the knife coins cast by Yan and Zhao. Yan State, located in the north, also casts knife coins as its own currency, but it is small in size and light in weight. Is it common to cast one side on the blade? Ming? Words, while casting place names or furnaces. Therefore, the coin world calls it Yan Ming Dao. Knife coins take the shape of cutting tools carried by hunting ancestors. There are two kinds of special knife coins cast by Yan State, one is a sharp knife, and the other is a needle knife. As the name implies, the tip of a pointed knife is sharp; The head of the first needle knife is sharper, almost like the tip of a needle. Zhao also casts knife coins, but Zhao's knife coins have no radian and are straight, so they are called Zhao's straight knives by the coin industry.
A few years ago, a Xiao Ge similar to an ancient weapon was unearthed near the Warring States site in Shaoxing, Hangzhou, which attracted the attention of the coin industry. Finally, everyone agreed that it was a newly discovered kudzu coin, which was very precious. History is always progressing. It is an improvement that cloth coins and knives have replaced northern coins, but the inconvenience of using cloth coins and knives is obvious. Finally, it was gradually replaced by later monetary forms.
The concept of love for money appeared at the latest, about after the mid-Warring States period. The so-called money is a round copper coin with holes. It is generally believed that it is jade as a symbol of wealth and power. Because it was a round Warring States period, Chu was the largest country in the south. Chu has its own monetary system? Ant nose money. The epidemic areas are in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Basin.
This copper imitation shell coin is called ant nose coin, because one of them (and the largest one) has a convex surface with tattoos? Six baht per person? Shaped like an ant, it lies on a convex surface with a high nose, which is later called ant nose money. There is also a kind of Qian Wen with money, who looks like a human face and has a strange expression. It's called face money. This is a typical example of predecessors. Because there is still no unified understanding of that kind of writing, even if it is? Six baht per person? There are also different views in academic circles, and there is no conclusion yet. Just one? Jun? 、? Okay？ 、? Kim. Such words are clear and there is basically no objection. Compared with knife coins and cloth coins, the shape with holes is more convenient to carry and send and receive, so it has become a more advanced metal coin form that meets the growing demand for commodity exchange and is convenient for users.
The areas where money is popular are mainly Sanjin, Qin, Zhou, Qi and Yan in the Central Plains. An interesting phenomenon is that although the shapes of these coins have changed, the original monetary unit has remained basically unchanged. Have you paid Zhou and Sanjin's money back? Hey? ; Also said that it was Qin's money? Two? ; Qi and Yan areas are still called? Change? .
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Money was originally a round hole, but later it developed into a square hole. Some people say it's the ancients? Where is the sky round? The world view determines it. I have a different view. What if the square cave is an ancient man? Where is the sky round? Cosmology determines it, and then what? Where is the sky round? Our world view has long been formed, why not cast a round square hole at the beginning? I think it has something to do with the improvement of production technology. What should I do if there is a casting mouth after the money is cast in batches? Burr? For polishing. The method of polishing is to put a piece of metal in the perforation? A stick? Then polish it with the wrong knife. The money in the round hole will rotate with it when it is polished, reducing efficiency. If it is changed to a square hole and the stick is also square, then? The coin will be firmly fixed on the stick, and the work efficiency will be doubled, that's all. Many of our predecessors often rely on subjective imagination in their studies, and often make simple things unpredictable and mysterious, causing a lot of harm. The emergence and increasing popularity of money is a historical progress. It also laid the foundation for Qin Shihuang to unify the national monetary system.