Originally published in Farmers Daily199765438+1October 24th.
Liu Yongchang, director of the Institute of Edible Fungi in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, and the commander of the National New Long March, successfully studied the technology of cultivating auricularia auricula in plastic bags, which was popularized and applied in 24 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country. 60,000 farmers adopted this technology, creating an output value of more than 700 million yuan and obtaining a net profit of 500 million yuan.
From 65438 to 0980, Liu Yongchang used sawdust and crop straws as the main raw materials, planted them on the ground with small plastic bags, and successfully cultivated auricularia auricula, which made the production of auricularia auricula move from forest areas to fields, from only a few people to thousands of households.
Liu Yongchang planted auricularia auricula in the field at a cost of 3,500-4,000 yuan per mu, with a period of 3-4 months, and produced 400-500 kg of auricularia auricula, with a net income of 1- 1.5 million yuan. Compared with traditional cultivation, the production cycle of Auricularia auricula is only110. Ground-planted auricularia auricula has strong resistance to miscellaneous bacteria, large flowers, thick meat and high yield, and its internal nutrients and appearance commodity shape all exceed the first-class auricularia auricula standard. Planting auricularia auricula in plastic bags is easy to obtain, low in cost and high in benefit, and it has become a good project for millions of farmers to get rich. It is understood that nearly 30,000 mu of auricularia auricula has been cultivated by this technology.
At present, Liu Yongchang is working with the National Poverty Alleviation Office to prepare for the implementation of the "Black Poverty Alleviation Project in 100 Counties". It is planned to select 2 12 poverty-stricken counties in China, and develop 50,000 plastic bags to plant auricularia auricula in three years, so that they can get rid of poverty that year. (Rong Guangda) adopts liquid strains to realize factory standardized production and ensure eating "rest assured mushrooms".
Major breakthroughs have been made in the development of edible fungi production equipment in China.
The original economic reference of Economic Daily has been deleted.
The first "Mechanized Production Line of Edible Mushroom Liquid Strain" independently developed by China scientific and technological workers has been successfully developed from Dalian Quanhe Mushroom Industry Co., Ltd. and put into mass production recently. According to experts, the appearance of this production line will end the history of relying on solid strains for edible fungi production in China, completely eliminate the production mode of thousands of farmers' manual workshops for thousands of years, fundamentally solve the inevitable problems of mixed bacteria pollution, mixed quality and different standards in the production process, bring a fundamental revolution to the edible fungi industry and create a new era of industrialization and standardization of edible fungi in China. This achievement is connected by 16 kinds of equipment and facilities with independent intellectual property rights into auto production line, with 1 1 national patents. Under the same output conditions, it can save 97% of the floor space and 95% of the labor force, and reduce the production cost by 2 1%. Moreover, the temperature, humidity, lighting and ventilation of the production line are all automatically controlled and can be carried out. Create the best growth environment for edible fungi. The transformation of this mode of production will give full play to the unique advantages of edible fungi production in China and become one of the most competitive products in the international agricultural products market after China's entry into WTO, which is of great significance to adjusting the agricultural production structure and accelerating the income increase of farmers in traditional agricultural areas.
Up to now, the traditional production of edible fungi is basically farmers building sheds, households building stoves, manual operation, drug fumigation in thousands of households, hormone stimulation, serious pollution, difficult to guarantee the quality, and can not become "green food." Moreover, due to the influence of the season, mushrooms are often piled up during production, and they are out of stock after the season. The whole industry has low scientific and technological content and low-level repetition. This backward production and sales model not only makes consumers afraid to eat with confidence, but also seriously restricts the popularization of this healthy food among Chinese people in 2 1 century. What is more regrettable is that the production of edible fungi in China can not meet the requirements of futures trade and supermarket, chain, fresh and high-grade sales in the international market, and it is also difficult to pass the technical barriers and green barriers in international trade.
Take auricularia as an example. In Heilongjiang forest region, the raw material of Auricularia auricula production is mainly sawdust, and the production site is the open field in woodland, which has basically no pollution to the environment. It is the traditional production method that repeatedly uses drugs, resulting in poor quality and high pesticide residue. In recent years, the demand and price of edible fungi in developed countries have been rising year after year, and the international market of edible fungi is basically "selling as much as you produce". If Professor Hong Zhaoguang lists auricularia auricula as a black food that must be eaten every day, then everyone should eat at least 5 grams every day, and the whole world can supply it for 2-3 days. Various edible fungi, including Auricularia auricula, have been cultivated in China for a long time, which has been 1400 years. So far, only China can cultivate auricularia auricula commercially in the world, without international competition, and it is a veritable "Auricularia auricula kingdom". With the popularization of knowledge about the special nutritional value and special curative effect of Auricularia auricula and various fungi, the market demand at home and abroad is increasing, and the quality requirements will be higher and higher.
In 2006, the Ministry of Science and Technology included the project of "Industrial Production and Industrialization of Edible Mushrooms" in the National Spark Plan, which promoted the rapid research and development of "Liquid Mushroom Mechanized Production Line". This scientific and technological achievement developed by Dalian Quanhe Mushroom Industry Co., Ltd. has ushered in a promising new situation for the production, sales and export of edible fungi in China. This production line can be used to build a mechanized and standardized strain bag factory, adopting the industrial management mode of "company+farmers", that is, liquid strains and mechanized production lines are used to produce strain bags, which makes the complicated and high-risk strain bag production process in the early stage easy, simple and standardized, and then distributes it to farmers to produce mushrooms. Put into production a production line with a daily output of 50,000 bacteria. The equipment investment is about 500 thousand, and only less than 2000 square meters of workshop is needed. The annual output can reach150,000 packs. Mushroom factory can not only make a profit of 3-4 million yuan, but also promote the employment of 1500 farmers and laid-off workers, and each household can realize income of 1 10,000 yuan in that year. Some large edible fungi growers and investors who want to invest in modern agricultural industry have introduced production lines to establish leading enterprises. The local government has given some financial support to this new agricultural project industrialization model. The industrialization of edible fungi has developed rapidly in China and has become a bright spot in the construction of new countryside in China. (Reporter Gao)