1# zinc represents zinc ingots with zinc content greater than 99.99%, and 0# represents zinc ingots with zinc content greater than 99.995%. The impurities of lead, iron and cadmium in 1# zinc are 0.002, 0.002 and 0.005438+0 higher than those in 0# zinc respectively.

Mining and selecting zinc ingots from raw ore to obtain zinc concentrate with 45%-55% zinc, and then sending it to smelter for smelting.

Mineral processing: Lead and zinc products are usually smelted by mineral processing in lead-zinc mines. In lead-zinc ore dressing, different dressing methods are selected according to different ore types. Sulfide ores are usually flotation. Oxidized ore is beneficiated by flotation or gravity concentration combined with flotation, or flotation after sulfide roasting, or flotation after sulfuric acid gravity concentration. For polymetallic lead-zinc ore, magnetic-flotation, gravity-flotation, gravity-magnetic-flotation and other combined beneficiation methods are generally adopted.

Smelting: In nature, zinc sulfide concentrate is the main mineral raw material for zinc smelting, and there are two methods for zinc smelting: pyrometallurgical method and wet method. Pyrometallurgical smelting includes three main processes: roasting, reduction distillation and refining, using vertical tank distillation, flat tank distillation, closed blast furnace or electric furnace; Closed blast furnace is the main equipment for zinc pyrometallurgy at present, accounting for about 10% of the total zinc output.

Wet smelting is the most important and fastest developing zinc smelting method in the world because of its comprehensive utilization of resources, relatively low unit energy consumption and high environmental friendliness. Widely used, the output accounts for more than 80% of the world's total zinc production. Crude zinc obtained by pyrometallurgical zinc smelting is refined by distillation or directly applied; Electrolytic zinc obtained by zinc hydrometallurgy is of high quality and does not need refining.

Zinc hydrometallurgy includes traditional zinc hydrometallurgy and total zinc hydrometallurgy. The traditional zinc hydrometallurgy is actually a combined process of pyrometallurgy and zinc hydrometallurgy, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. It includes five main processes: roasting, leaching, purification, electrodeposition and acid production.

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