1. Price monopoly has increased the whole social cost. Monopoly industries are generally engaged in public utilities closely related to most people and industries, such as telecommunications, postal services, tap water, electricity, gas, railways and aviation.
Second, because these industries penetrate into all aspects of society, the service prices of these industries are related to the cost of the whole society. The overall efficiency of these industries is directly related to the ability of other industries to participate in international competition.
Third, in the era of planned economy, telecommunications, railways and other departments used to belong to the state administrative departments, but after entering the market, they are still in a monopoly position. Once they begin to pursue profits in the market, they will transfer the interests of a large number of consumers to them through monopoly pricing, so that privileged departments and privileged companies can obtain profits far higher than the competitive market price. In this way, the competitive cost of the whole society will increase. [4] Fourth, according to industry sources, there are dozens of private express delivery companies in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, but the number of underground "black market" express delivery companies is above 1 10,000. Four, although according to the provisions of the national "Postal Law", letters and other articles with the nature of letters are monopolized by state-owned postal enterprises, but many express delivery companies are also participating in this service in various forms. According to statistics, at present, the lowest tariff of EMS is 23.3 yuan, while the lowest tariff of private express delivery companies is only about 10 yuan. Excess profits will inevitably attract funds, even if the company's identity is illegal. According to statistics, since 1995, the annual growth rate of EMS turnover is also 2%, but the market share is declining at a rate of 4% every year. In the same period, the turnover growth of the four major international express delivery giants in China remained above 20%. Although EMS is still the "big brother" in the domestic express delivery market, its market share has dropped from nearly 97% at the peak to about 40% at present. This phenomenon is widespread in monopoly industries. On the one hand, monopoly enterprises can obtain excess profits through monopoly, which hinders the improvement of efficiency and the enthusiasm of expanding business scale. In addition, prevent social funds from entering the industry through industry monopoly. Although there are always funds lured into the industry in various ways, the scale is always limited.
5. Insufficient investment, declining employment and relatively weak consumption are the main problems in China's current economic operation. Some experts pointed out that there are many reasons for China's insufficient investment at this stage, but one of them is that many high-profit industries are monopolized by the market. In these industries, monopoly leads to inefficiency, which makes this part of profits unable to reflect the real profit situation and becomes a great waste. At the same time, it also greatly dampened the investment enthusiasm of capital, which led to the so-called "capital strike" and strengthened the downturn of the investment market.
Six, in the current domestic market a large number of monopolistic behavior, administrative monopoly undoubtedly occupies the primary position. The abuse of administrative power by the government and its subordinate departments to restrict competition is called "administrative monopoly". Due to the intervention of administrative power, administrative monopoly is more harmful to fair competition in the market than natural monopoly and industry monopoly. In particular, a few corrupt elements only use the power of public affairs management to do things, and monopoly has become a hotbed of corruption, which not only affects economic development, but more importantly damages the government's credit and loses faith in operators.
Seven, the research results of domestic research institutions show that one of the important manifestations of current corruption is the loss of a large number of rents (here is the "rent" in the economic sense) caused by monopoly. For example, according to their estimation, the power industry, one of the largest monopoly industries in China, causes rent losses ranging from 56 billion yuan to11200 million yuan every year, while the monopoly "rent" of civil aviation is as high as 7.5 billion yuan to 10 billion yuan every year. Monopoly transfers consumers' income to monopoly producers, creating excess profits and causing social welfare losses. It is estimated that such losses amount to 654.38+03 billion yuan to 202 billion yuan every year.
8. Maintain the principle of fair competition. The state should formulate corresponding industrial development policies in all fields of production and services that are vital to the national economy and people's livelihood except military affairs and national security, and introduce a fair competition mechanism in an all-round way, so that administrative monopoly can be eliminated in the competition, and the management, technology, quality and efficiency of the whole society can be comprehensively improved on the basis of fair competition, and the healthy, sustained and rapid development of the socialist market economy also has good institutional support.
Nine, pay attention to pertinence and gradualism. To formulate laws and regulations to restrict and facilitate supervision on the management system of industries and departments and various business behaviors such as decision-making, procurement, service, pricing and internal distribution; Solve the risk-free and unpaid enterprise income and personal income generated by monopoly privileges through taxation; Establish an anti-monopoly law enforcement agency with high authority and independence, and be responsible for investigating and dealing with illegal monopoly according to the phenomena reflected by authoritative public opinion polling agencies and news media; Give priority to solving the hot and difficult problems about monopoly reflected by the broad masses and accept social supervision. Among them, standardizing behavior is the key, organizational construction is the key, step by step is the strategy, and fair supervision is the way.
On the one hand, the Administration for Industry and Commerce is the main anti-monopoly law enforcement agency in China. As the main body responsible for market supervision in China, the administrative department for industry and commerce undertakes many tasks such as enterprise registration management, trademark advertising management and consumer rights protection. Moreover, the administrative department for industry and commerce is often difficult to effectively investigate and deal with administrative monopoly because its law enforcement is restricted by legal authorization.
On the other hand, the phenomenon of overlapping functions and multiple policies among the current market regulators in China often leads to different enforcement efforts and repeated intervention. Therefore, relying on the Administration for Industry and Commerce to promote the specific implementation of anti-monopoly is detrimental to the fairness, authority and unity of anti-monopoly law enforcement in China. Therefore, it is suggested that China should learn from the anti-monopoly experience of western developed market economy countries and set up an anti-monopoly law enforcement agency with high authority, independence and impartiality, with fair and honest legal experts and economists as the core members.
Eleven, we should give full play to the advantages of China's socialist market economic system, implement strong macro-control, and forcibly intervene in monopoly, so as to truly and thoroughly eradicate the "stubborn disease" of China's economy since the reform and opening up.