Risk management of commercial banks refers to the behavior of commercial banks to prevent, avoid, disperse or transfer risks in their operations through risk identification, risk assessment, risk evaluation and risk treatment, so as to reduce or avoid economic losses and ensure the safety of operating funds. Risk management is another important work of commercial bank management.
Risk management is the fourth link of risk management of commercial banks, including risk prevention, risk avoidance, risk dispersion, risk transfer, risk suppression and risk compensation;
1, risk prevention, refers to the method of setting up prevention lines at all levels for risks. The ultimate line of defense for commercial banks to resist risks is to maintain sufficient self-owned capital.
Therefore, in order to prevent risks, it is more important to strengthen the internal management of commercial banks and actively adjust the structure of risky assets to adapt to the capital situation at any time. In addition, maintaining a certain reserve in the asset share can also play a good role in risk prevention. Special risk compensation funds, such as risk funds and bad debt reserves, are usually withdrawn in stages to compensate for possible losses in the future.
2, risk aversion, refers to the obvious risks in business activities to avoid the important and deal with the light. First, when making decisions, predict the possibility and impact of risks in advance to avoid uncontrollable activities beyond the risk tolerance of commercial banks; If the loan is risky and difficult to control, it must be avoided and rejected; Short-term asset structure to reduce liquidity risk and interest rate risk; Creditor's rights swaps foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages; In foreign exchange business, we will strive to safeguard hard currency creditor's rights and soft currency debts to avoid the risks brought by exchange rate changes. The second is to suspend or adjust the plan in time when unfavorable conditions are found during the implementation of the plan.
3. Risk dispersion, including random dispersion and effective dispersion.
Random diversification refers to simply relying on the increase of the number of each asset in the portfolio to spread the risk, and the choice of each asset is random. In the case of normal business development, expand business scale to spread risks.
Effective diversification refers to the use of modern portfolio theory and related models to analyze various assets, and realize the optimal combination of risks and benefits according to their respective characteristics of risks and benefits and their relationship. The specific methods of risk diversification of commercial banks are: asset type risk diversification, customer type risk diversification, investment tool risk diversification, currency type risk diversification and country type risk diversification.
4. Risk transfer means that commercial banks transfer some or all risks to other units through insurance, contract signing and subcontracting, but at the same time, they often have to pay a certain price, such as performance bond, handling fee and revenue sharing. The main forms of risk transfer are: buying insurance; Sign a forward contract; Carry out futures trading; Subcontracting, etc.
5. Risk control means that after taking risks, commercial banks should strengthen the supervision of risks, deal with problems in time when they are found, try to prevent things from getting worse or take measures in advance before losses occur, and reduce losses caused by risks. Risk suppression is often used in the process of credit loans. The main methods are as follows: when the borrower finds financial difficulties, he immediately stops adding loans to customers and tries his best to recover the loans already issued; Additional guarantor and guarantee amount; Additional asset mortgage, etc.
6. Risk compensation means that commercial banks use capital, profits, collateral auction income and other funds to compensate their losses in certain risks.