Bank credit risk management is the lifeline of commercial banks and the focus of financial prudential supervision. Lou Peng Fei, a researcher at the Postal Savings Bank, pointed out that irregular credit management will lead to the inability to effectively grasp the risks of borrowers, such as the borrower's misappropriation of funds due to the inability to know the borrower's financial situation in time, which will lead to credit risks. At the same time, the internal management is not strict, which is easy to cause operational risks.
The reporter of "China Business News" interviewed a number of bankers and learned that credit risks often "resurface", which is not unrelated to the weak willingness of banks to manage after lending and the high cost of post-lending management. A person from Guangzhou Branch of a stock bank bluntly said: "It is very contradictory if the bank conducts a strict review of every loan before, during and after lending, which will affect the scale of lending. Some bank employees even' cheat' with business owners to get loans. "
Sword means that credit management is not prudent.
The management of credit funds has always been the focus of supervision, and the reasons for punishment are not limited to irregular credit management and careless loan issuance.
Recently, the local banking regulatory bureaus have continuously issued penalty announcements in combination with the special inspection of credit management.
101On October 27th, Ningbo Banking Insurance Supervision Branch of China Banking Regulatory Commission disclosed 26 fines, involving10 banks and related responsible persons, with a total fine of12150,000 yuan. Poor control over the use of loan funds and illegal issuance of project loans have become frequent problems in this punishment.
Among them, Bank of Shang Tong, Ningbo was fined 3.6 million yuan for failing to implement the regulatory opinions, failing to approve related party transactions according to the regulatory requirements, failing to control employees' behavior, illegally issuing project loans, illegally flowing personal loan funds into the real estate market and futures market, lax control over the use of loan funds, irregular deposit sources in bank acceptance bill business, improper absorption of deposits, distorted liquidity indicators, falsely increasing deposits and loans, and increasing the financing cost of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in disguise.
10 On June 28th, the information of administrative punishment issued by Zhejiang Supervision Bureau at the CBRC showed that Zhejiang Fuyang Rural Commercial Bank was fined1750,000 yuan for the following reasons: the equity management was not in place, and the actual shareholding ratio of new investors and their related parties was found to be over 5% without examination; The control of credit business is seriously imprudent; Serious carelessness in the management and control of credit business, resulting in a large number of loan losses; Employee behavior management is not in place.
In fact, the management of credit funds has always been the focus of supervision, and the reasons for punishment are not limited to the untrue use of loans, irregular management of loan payment, irregular credit management, inadequate control of the use of loan funds, and carelessness in loan issuance.
"The loan funds were misappropriated by the borrower. On the one hand, banks did not strictly manage the use of funds and did not effectively understand the purpose of borrowers' loans. On the other hand, the borrower deliberately conceals or deceives to obtain loans. " Yan told reporters.
Li geng, a special researcher at Zhejiang Qiantangjiang Financial Research Institute, told reporters that most credit risks can be traced back to irregular management. Irregularities in different links and departments of credit management will form different sources of credit risk.
Li Gengnan pointed out that in the pre-loan investigation, if the investigation is not in place, the customer's credit information is insufficient, incomplete and untrue, which may bury potential risks at the beginning of the loan. The risk in this respect may be that the customer's credit itself has problems, and poor integrity leads to the risk of final default. It may also be a lack of understanding of customers' production and operation, and customers lack real repayment ability and sources, which eventually leads to customers' inability to repay. It may also be that I don't know the real purpose of the customer's loan, which eventually leads to the misappropriation of the loan.
"In the loan issuance stage, unqualified customers may get loans because the loan conditions are not strictly controlled and the credit approval process is not strictly followed, including the review of mortgage guarantee is not in place. There may be risks such as false mortgage guarantee and insurance loss after loan risk; It is also possible that there are moral hazards such as impersonation and lending due to the lack of internal checks and balances. " Li Gengnan further analyzed.
"In the post-loan tracking link, because the post-loan investigation is not in place, it may happen that the loan purpose is illegally misappropriated to real estate and stock market, which leads to the risk of the final loan; It may also be due to the failure to report and take measures in time for the deterioration of the financial situation of borrowing enterprises and guarantors, resulting in the risk not being controlled or even amplified in time. " Li Gengnan said.
Post-loan management needs to be adjusted
Generally speaking, after the customer's loan arrives, the back-office technical department of the bank will conduct real-time monitoring, but there are still omissions in this monitoring.
In fact, the high cost and low enthusiasm of post-lending supervision is one of the difficulties in post-lending management of banks. The corporate account manager of a bank admitted frankly that the bank pursues the scale of loans after all, and if there are too many loan restrictions, it will affect the scale of lending.
Li Gengnan also pointed out that in addition to lax control over all credit links, the types of actual trading activities such as small and micro enterprise transactions make it difficult to track the use of funds, especially the whereabouts of funds after withdrawal. In addition, there are cases where account managers blindly expand their business under the pressure of assessment and deliberately relax their control over use.
Generally speaking, after the customer's loan arrives, the back-office technical department of the bank will conduct real-time monitoring, but there are still omissions in this monitoring. The head of the compliance department of a large state-owned bank told the reporter that "misappropriation of loan funds has always been strictly prohibited by banks, but large enterprises will cover up the use of funds through fund collection, and banks are really difficult to supervise."
The above-mentioned Guangdong branch of a stock bank also mentioned that the credit loans granted by banks to small and micro enterprises are difficult to manage after lending. Account managers have limited energy and can only monitor through big data, which is difficult to implement.
In terms of retail consumer loans, banks are increasingly strict about the use of loan funds, and will pay attention to the use of loan funds in the process. For example, when making loans and signing contracts, it is clearly emphasized that the purpose of loans is prohibited, and customers need to provide proof of consumption. Banks will also conduct self-inspection on loans that have been issued.
The research manager of a credit card center of a state-owned bank said: "At present, users with large consumer loans can only be required to provide consumption vouchers to prove the true use of the borrowed funds. For personal business loans, it is generally through entrusted payment (funds are directly given to suppliers) to avoid capital flowing into the stock market. "
Talking about how to strengthen credit risk management, Wu Wen, a senior researcher at the Financial Research Center of Bank of Communications (60 1328). SH), it is suggested that banks can operate from two aspects. On the one hand, on the basis of accumulated big data, through technical empowerment, improve the identification ability of high-quality customers and enhance the ability of risk prevention and control; On the other hand, banks should make early warning of risks and pay attention to key industries.
According to Cong Yong, a researcher at Beijing Institute of International Studies, the risk management mechanism of banks needs to strengthen three lines of defense. That is, fully and deeply perform the corresponding duties; Fully interpret the requirements of regulatory policies and follow the best practices of the industry; Make use of advanced technical means, formulate customer labels according to different customer classifications, and use big data+artificial intelligence technology to establish cooperative relations with outstanding enterprises in the financial technology industry, obtain the latest asset information and business information of customers in time, and effectively curb credit management risks.