Based on the Rockefeller family's oil monopoly, it extended its sphere of influence to all sectors of the national economy by constantly controlling financial institutions, and became the largest monopoly group in the United States. Founder J.D. Rockefeller started with oil and opened an oil refinery in Cleveland in 1863. Based on the oil refinery in 1870, he expanded and established the Ohio Standard Huai Oil Company, which soon monopolized the oil industry in the United States, and invested in the financial industry and manufacturing industry with its huge profits, and its economic strength developed rapidly. Total assets were only $6.6 billion in 1935, and increased to $82.6 billion in 1960, which increased by1.5 times in 25 years. Since then, great progress has been made. The total assets of 1974 have increased to $330.5 billion, surpassing Morgan Consortium and ranking first among the top ten consortia in the United States. There are 65,438+06 largest oil companies in the United States, 8 of which belong to Rockefeller Financial Group. Rockefeller Financial Group is a typical example of bank capital controlling industrial capital. It has a huge financial network, with Chase Manhattan Bank as the core and more than 100 financial institutions such as New York Chemical Bank, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and Fair Life Insurance Company. Through these financial institutions, many industrial and mining enterprises are directly or indirectly controlled, and they occupy an important position in various economic sectors such as metallurgy, chemistry, rubber, automobile, food, air transportation, telecommunications and arms industry. The arms companies under its control include MacDonald Douglas, Martin marietta (jointly controlled by Mellon consortium), sperry Rand and Westinghouse Electric Company (jointly controlled by Mellon consortium). Rockefeller Financial Group also controls five major American airlines, including United Airlines, Pan Am, American Airlines, TWA and Eastern Airlines, alone or jointly with other consortia. 1973 After the energy crisis, the countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries launched a tit-for-tat struggle with the monopoly capital of the United States, which dealt a heavy blow to Rockefeller Financial Group. The consortium has taken various measures to remedy this unfavorable situation. First of all, it participated in the development of domestic oil in the United States and won the lease right of offshore oil fields along the coast of China. 1976, it obtained oil lease land in Alaska and the middle of Atlantic coast. In 2002, Morgan Consortium controlled 13 financial institutions with total assets of $3.04 billion. Among them, Morgan is the strongest company, ranking first in American financial circles. The financial tycoon on Wall Street said. Morgan Consortium made a fortune in World War I, and with its abundant financial capital, it penetrated into all sectors of the national economy after the war. In 1930s, the total assets of big banks and enterprises controlled by Morgan Consortium accounted for more than 50% of the eight American consortia at that time. Due to the increasing competition among consortia, other consortia took Morgan Consortium as the main target, so its strength status declined relatively, and it was once surpassed by Rockefeller Financial Group. In order to save the decline, it has taken various measures. In finance, we should use a solid financial foundation to expand our strength. In terms of industry, we have actively explored emerging technology industries, and since the 1960s, we have leapt to the first place in technological departments such as electronic computers, high-speed photocopiers and microfilm. The International Business Machines Corporation under the consortium is the largest computer manufacturer in the world. Great progress has also been made in industries with good foundations such as electrical equipment, power equipment and atomic energy equipment. In the arms industry, General Electric Company, General Dynamics Company and Grumman Aircraft Company controlled by Morgan Consortium are the top arms contractors of the US Department of Defense. By the end of 1970s, the trust assets of Morgan Consortium grew rapidly, far exceeding other consortia. The rise of cutting-edge technology industries such as computers doubled its economic strength. In terms of the number of enterprises controlled by Morgan Consortium and the assets it owns, it is superior to Rockefeller Financial Group. Morgan consortium has a solid foundation in the financial industry. Its main pillar is J.P. Morgan Company. Morgan is one of the largest multinational banks in the world, with 65,438+00 subsidiaries and many branches in China, and more than 65,438+0000 communication banks. At Bank of China, it is one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. By the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, it was controlled by two big families, steelman and Rockefeller, and quickly developed into the capital dispatching center of standard petroleum system (Mobil petroleum system). In 1930s, it was hit by the world economic crisis and its business collapsed. In the wave of enterprise merger in 1950s, it became active again. On 1955, it merged with the First National Bank of new york and changed its name to the First National City Bank of new york, and changed its name to its current name on 1962. With this bank as the core, the first Citibank consortium was formed and squeezed into the ranks of the top ten consortia in the United States. The rapid development of the First Citibank Consortium is mainly due to its economic strength consisting of the First National City Bank Tonghe Company, Minnesota Mining Manufacturing Company, Crawler Tractor Company (jointly controlled by Morgan Consortium and DuPont Consortium) and the National Cash Register Company which produces electronic computers. In business, there are penny company (jointly controlled by Morgan consortium) and jewelry store (jointly controlled by Chicago consortium). The above enterprises are monopolized at home and abroad. Lowell, Lawrence and Adam in Boston got rich from the slave trade in the19th century.