1, the factors affecting the price
The high price difference of PVC appears in April-May and August-September every year. At that time, the price was just in the upward stage, because April, especially April-May, coincided with the overhaul of large factories in Asia, the supply was tight, and orders gradually increased. Downstream enterprises generally accumulate a certain demand, but when the supply is less than the demand, the price will go up. September-10, the price will be in a stable stage. When it enters the high temperature from July to September, the operating rate will decrease. For example, the whole export orders in East China and South China markets have also started to be produced on a large scale, and the downstream demand will increase. At this stage, supply is less than demand, so the annual price peak appears in August and September. At the end of August last year, the price of 8900 or even 9200 yuan came out, and then it began to decrease. On September-10, the calcium carbide plant began to be overhauled, but because the demand began to decrease, especially on February-10/2, the construction-related industries began to stop working and the price went up. This is the law of PVC price for one year.
2. Subject matter of contract
The subject matter of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) futures contract is SG5-type first-class product and superior product whose quality standard meets the current national standard "Suspension Universal PVC Resin (GB/T 576 1-2006)", and there is no water withdrawal between the first-class product and the superior product. Among the spot enterprises surveyed by Dalian Commodity Exchange, more than 97% of the products can meet the first-class requirements of the national standard according to the requirements of the national standard inspection items. According to the different ways of obtaining raw material vinyl chloride (VCM), China's polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be divided into ethylene method and calcium carbide method, and the PVC produced by calcium carbide method accounts for more than 70% of the market. Because the current national standards have not formulated the quality standards of PVC by ethylene method and calcium carbide method respectively, large commercial firms have not deliberately treated the products by ethylene method and calcium carbide method differently in contract design, and have not set up premium water.
3. Production technology
The production process of PVC in China is mainly divided into two processes, one is coal chemical process and the other is petrochemical process. Coal chemical industry mainly refers to industrial production by calcium carbide method. From the source, it is coal. In the production of calcium carbide, calcium carbide is calcined with limestone and coke to obtain calcium carbide, and calcium carbide reacts with water to obtain acetylene. Acetylene reacts with chlorine, another product of chlor-alkali industry, and chlorine also reacts with hydrogen to produce hydrogen chloride to produce vinyl chloride monomer. Its chemical variety is vinyl chloride. Through the reflection of polymerization reaction, the monomer is transformed into polymer to realize PVC products. The process route is complicated and can be divided into three types. One is to change petroleum into naphtha and ethylene, and ethylene is chlorinated in the center to produce VCM monomer. VCM monomer is also obtained by polymerization as in the previous calcium carbide method. The other is the ethylene route, which directly imports VCM monomer, and the production process is relatively simple, and the final product PVC can be obtained by direct polymerization. Another product is imported EDC (dichloroethane). The imported EDC goes through chlor-alkali process to remove hydrogen chloride and achieve vinyl chloride monomer. The final process is also the polymerization process to achieve the final PVC product.