The retail pricing model of refined oil in the United States is very simple. The original oil price accounts for about 60%, and then the transportation, distribution and gas station retail outlets will be given a certain profit (generally about 25% to 30%), and the tax of 10% to 15% will be set aside to form their final retail price.
Mike Davis, director of market development of the American Intercontinental Exchange, told China Business News on March 22 that the pricing mechanism of refined oil in the United States is completely market-oriented. If a company sells refined oil at a high price, everyone is likely to go to other low-priced manufacturers to buy oil; At the same time, because of the high transparency of information in the United States, everyone can check it online, so they have full choice.
A senior analyst in the oil industry told this newspaper that the United States mainly imports crude oil from Mexico, Canada and Venezuela, so the price of refined oil in the United States is mainly linked to the US crude oil futures index (WTI), not the Brent index. Because Brent price is much higher than WTI, the domestic refined oil price in the United States is relatively cheap. Gasoline is cheaper than water.
Venezuela, as one of the major oil producers in the world, produces 2,665,438+300,000 barrels a day to encourage oil consumption. The government has not set up value-added tax and consumption tax. The price of gasoline is called "cheaper than water", and the average oil price is only $0.05 per liter.
Huang Jiefu, managing director of Intercontinental Exchange Greater China, told this newspaper that the pricing mechanism of Venezuelan refined oil is not completely market-oriented, so its refined oil price is only a fraction of the price of American refined oil. Taxes and fees account for 70% of the oil price.
In Norway, where the daily oil output is almost the same as that of Venezuela, the oil price difference between the two countries is more than 60 times. This is because European countries pay attention to environmental protection and the government imposes heavy taxes on the price of refined oil. Norwegian oil price includes 70% tax, and the average oil price reaches 13 yuan/liter. It is also a market-oriented operation.
Huang Jiefu, managing director of Intercontinental Exchange Greater China, believes that Dubai, like the United States, has a market-based pricing mechanism for refined oil products, and there is no government supervision at all. The price of refined oil in Dubai is mainly linked to Brent index, refer to Dubai crude oil futures index.
A senior analyst in the oil industry told this newspaper that Brent is the major shareholder of Dubai Crude Oil Futures Exchange. Brent is controlled by the American Intercontinental Exchange. Dubai, like Saudi Arabia, cartel and other Middle Eastern countries, the government announces the official settlement price of refined oil every month. The government subsidizes10 billion dollars every year.
Indonesia has long subsidized domestic fuel, and the price is far lower than the international price. In 20 12, the planned fuel subsidy cost of the Indonesian government reached 123.6 trillion rupees (about13.73 billion US dollars). As the only member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) among ASEAN countries, Indonesia's oil export was once the main source of Indonesia's foreign exchange. Indonesia became a net oil importer in 2004 due to poor domestic soft environment, backward development of new oil fields, lack of old oil well resources and rapid growth of oil demand.
This is the first time since 20 13, about three months after the last time. After the price increase, the price of 92# gasoline in Beijing was 8.05 yuan/liter, up 0.24 yuan/liter, and the price of 95# gasoline was 8.57 yuan/liter, up 0.25 yuan/liter.