Compared with futures, forward contracts are non-standardized contracts and belong to over-the-counter transactions, with flexible trading methods, but higher transaction costs and risks. The latter is a standardized contract, with the exchange as the medium. Investors don't trade directly like forward contracts, so the risk is small.

Comparing options and futures, buyers and sellers of futures have both rights and obligations. The buyer of the option has only rights, and the seller has only obligations. In addition, from the perspective of profit and loss, the profit and loss of futures is uncertain, and the loss of option buyer is only option fee.