Question 2: What are the financial services? There are many, many, but the official name is financial derivatives service, not financial business. If you want to know more, you can check Baidu's financial derivatives and financial derivatives services. There are too many derivatives, so I don't want to waste my spirit and breath.
Question 3: What does the capital market business include? Capital market business includes: stock, bond and fund business.
1. The stock is the ownership certificate issued by the joint-stock company, and it is a kind of valuable securities issued by the joint-stock company to all shareholders to raise funds, as the shareholding certificate to obtain dividends and bonuses. Each share represents the shareholder's ownership of the basic unit of the enterprise. Behind every stock ingot is a listed company. At the same time, every listed company will issue shares.
Every stock in the same category represents the equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of shares held by each shareholder to the total share capital of the company. Shares are part of the capital of a joint-stock company and can be transferred, traded or mortgaged at a fixed price. It is the main long-term credit tool in the capital market, but the company cannot be required to return its capital contribution.
2. Bond/debenture is a kind of financial contract, which is a debt certificate issued to investors when * * *, financial institutions and industrial and commercial enterprises directly borrow money from the society to raise funds, and promise to pay interest at a certain interest rate and repay the principal according to the agreed conditions. The essence of a bond is a certificate of debt, which has legal effect. There is a creditor-debtor relationship between bond buyers or investors and issuers. Bond issuers are debtors and investors (bond buyers) are creditors.
3. Funds have broad and narrow definitions. A fund in a broad sense refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations. People usually refer to funds mainly as securities investment funds. There are three main analysis methods of securities investment: basic analysis, technical analysis and evolution analysis, in which the basic analysis is mainly applied to the value judgment and selection of investment objects, while the technical analysis and evolution analysis are mainly applied to the time and space judgment of specific investment operations as an important supplement to improve the effectiveness and reliability of securities investment analysis.
The providers of funds in the capital market are financial institutions, such as commercial banks, savings banks, life insurance companies, investment companies and trust companies.
The demanders of funds are mainly international financial institutions, state institutions, industrial and commercial enterprises, real estate operators and sales finance companies that purchase installment contracts from retailers of durable consumer goods.
The function of capital market
1, the capital market is an important channel to raise funds.
2. Capital market is an effective place for rational allocation of resources.
3. The capital market is conducive to enterprise restructuring.
4. Promote the advanced development of industrial structure.
Question 4: What are the types of financial markets? Hello, to put it simply: money market, interbank lending market, repurchase agreement market and commercial paper market.
Bank acceptance bill market, negotiable certificate of deposit market, short-term bond market
Bond market, stock market, fund market, foreign exchange market, gold market and financial derivatives market.
I studied financial market operation and investment during my graduate school, and I prefer the above classification. The classification of textbooks is generally as follows.
1. According to the geographical scope of financial markets, financial markets can be divided into domestic financial markets and international financial markets.
There is a certain connection between international financial market and domestic financial market. Historically, with the high development of commodity economy, the domestic financial market has taken shape. When the business activities of domestic financial markets in various countries are gradually extended and infiltrated with each other, an international financial market centered on domestic financial markets in some countries and connected with financial markets in various countries is formed. In other words, the formation of international financial market is based on the development of domestic financial market to a certain height. At the same time, the formation of international financial market has further promoted the development of domestic financial market.
2. According to the types of business or financial products, financial markets can be divided into money market, capital market, foreign exchange market, insurance market, gold market and other markets (such as leasing market and pawn market).
Money market, also known as short-term capital market. It is a market for short-term capital trading activities in less than one year. In the money market, short-term borrowing of funds is usually realized by issuing short-term bonds and commercial bills through some trading methods such as discount and lending business, so as to meet the needs of both the supply and demand sides of short-term funds in the financial market. Money market includes bill market and interbank lending market.
Capital market, also known as long-term capital market, is an active market for long-term capital transactions for more than one year. The function of the capital market is to raise long-term funds for fund demanders. Trading activities in the capital market are usually divided into two categories. First, the demanders of funds issue and buy and sell all kinds of securities, including bonds and stocks. Second, the demanders of funds directly obtain long-term loans from banks.
Other commercial markets have special chapters.
3. According to the function of financial market, financial market can be divided into issuing market and trading market? Distribution market, also known as primary market or primary market. Refers to the activities and places where various newly issued securities are sold for the first time. Securities are issued by subscription and underwriting. Underwriting is the main marketing method of securities issuance because it is not easy for issuers to directly trade with scattered and numerous currency holders.
The trading market, also known as the circulation market or the secondary market, is a market where all kinds of securities are traded by hand. Securities trading is divided into two forms: on-site trading and off-site trading. The former is a large-scale, active and organized trading activity in a specific place. The latter is usually a small and scattered transaction conducted by telephone.
4. According to the transaction mode, it can be divided into securities market and lending market. The securities market is a market for the issuance and circulation of securities. It deals with stocks, bonds, bills, warrants and contracts. The lending market is a market that directly deals with money, and its transaction content is essentially the transfer of the right to use money.
5. According to the trading period, it can be divided into long-term capital market and short-term capital market. The former refers to the capital market, while the latter refers to the money market.
6. According to whether the transaction has a fixed place, it can be divided into tangible market and intangible market. The tangible market refers to an organized market with fixed trading places, specialized institutions and personnel, and specialized equipment. Intangible market is a conceptual market, that is, there is no fixed trading place, and its transactions are contacted and completed by telex, telephone and telegram.
7. According to the delivery time of trading financial products, it can be divided into spot market and futures market. Spot market refers to the cash trading market, that is, the buyer pays cash and receives securities or bills; The seller delivers securities or bills and receives cash. This kind of transaction is usually delivered on the same day as the transaction, and it can't exceed three days at most. Futures trading means that after the two parties reach an agreement, they do not deliver immediately, but deliver after a certain period of time. ...& gt& gt
Question 5: What projects does the financial industry include? The financial industry refers to special enterprises dealing in financial commodities, including banks, insurance, trusts, securities, leasing and pawning.
1, after a long historical evolution, the financial industry has gradually developed into a multi-category financial institution system from a relatively single form in ancient society. In the modern financial industry, all kinds of banks occupy a dominant position. Commercial banks are the earliest and most typical forms of modern banks. Although city banks, deposit banks, industrial banks, mortgage banks, trust banks and savings banks are all engaged in financial business, their business nature is often very different, and the financial authorities often limit their business scope. Modern commercial banks generally operate a variety of financial services. In addition to a large number of branches in China, large commercial banks often have branches abroad, thus becoming a world-wide multinational bank. Modern large commercial banks are usually the financial centers of large monopoly consortia. Holding company has become an important organizational form of financial industry in contemporary developed capitalist countries.
Different from commercial banks, they are specialized banks. Specialized banks are generally funded or supervised by the state (* * *). Its business, especially credit business, is mostly concentrated in one or several industries, with emphasis on supporting the development of certain industries.
2. The establishment of the central bank is a milestone in the history of financial development. In the modern financial industry, the central bank is in a dominant position. It is the issuing bank of currency, the bank of * * *, and the bank of the bank. It is responsible for formulating and implementing national financial policies, regulating currency circulation and credit activities, and is generally the management and supervision organ of financial activities.
3. In addition to banks, modern financial industry also includes various cooperative financial organizations (such as cooperative banks, mutual banks, credit cooperatives or credit combinations). ), finance companies (or commercial banks), discount companies, insurance companies, securities companies, financial consulting companies, professional savings and remittance institutions (savings offices, postal savings and remittance bureaus, etc.). ), pawn shops, gold and silver industries, financial exchanges (stock exchanges, postal savings and exchange bureaus, etc.). The management methods of modern financial industry have been very modern, and electronic computers and automation services have become quite popular.
4, the financial industry-characteristics
individual
Indicators mean that financial indicators reflect the overall and individual situation of the national economy from all angles, and the financial industry is a barometer of the development of the national economy.
monopolize
On the one hand, monopoly means that the financial industry is strictly controlled by the central bank, and no unit or individual may set up financial institutions at will without the approval of the central bank; On the other hand, finance refers to the relative monopoly of specific financial business. Credit business is mainly concentrated in the four major commercial banks, securities business is mainly concentrated in national securities companies such as Cathay Pacific, Huaxia and Nanfang, and insurance business is mainly concentrated in PICC, Ping An and Pacific Insurance.
high-risk
High risk means that the financial industry is a distribution center for huge amounts of money, involving all sectors of the national economy. Any mistakes in business decisions of units and individuals may lead to "domino effect".
Interest dependence
Interest dependence means that financial interests depend on the overall interests of the national economy and are greatly influenced by policies.
Question 6: What industries does the financial industry include? Financial industry refers to banks and related fund cooperatives, as well as insurance industry. Except for industrial economic activities, all other economic-related activities are financial industry.
Financial industry refers to a special industry dealing in financial commodities, including banking, insurance, trust, securities and leasing.
Finance is everywhere and has formed a huge system. The scope, branches and contents of finance are very extensive, such as currency, securities, banking, insurance, capital market, derivative securities, investment and wealth management, various funds (private placement and public offering), balance of payments, financial management, trade finance, real estate finance, foreign exchange management, risk management and so on.
Question 7: What kind of financial market does the capital market include? Refers to the market where the fund supplier and the fund demander finance through credit instruments. Broadly speaking, it is a market to realize money lending and financing, and to handle various bills and securities trading activities.
Financial market, also known as capital market, including money market and capital market, is a financial intermediary market. The so-called financial intermediary refers to the activities of both the supply and demand sides of funds to adjust the surplus of funds in the process of economic operation, which is the floorboard of all financial transaction activities. All kinds of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds and certificates of deposit, are traded in the financial market. Financing is referred to as financing, which is generally divided into direct financing and indirect financing. Direct financing is the activity of direct financing between the supply and demand sides of funds, that is, the demanders of funds directly raise funds from institutions and individuals with surplus funds in society through the financial market; Correspondingly, indirect financing refers to the financing activities carried out by banks, that is, the demanders apply for loans from banks and other financial intermediaries to raise funds. Financial market has a direct and profound impact on all aspects of economic activities. Personal wealth, business operation and economic operation efficiency are directly determined by the activities of financial markets. ?
The composition of financial market is very complicated, and it is a huge system composed of many different markets. But generally speaking, according to the maturity of financial market trading tools, financial markets are divided into two categories: money market and capital market. Money market is a market for financing short-term funds, and capital market is a market for financing long-term funds. Money market and capital market can be further divided into several different sub-markets. The money market includes financial interbank lending market, repurchase agreement market, commercial paper market, bank acceptance bill market, short-term bond market, large denomination negotiable certificate of deposit market, etc. Capital market includes medium and long-term credit market and securities market. The medium and long-term credit market is a loan market between financial institutions and industrial and commercial enterprises; The securities market is a market for financing through the issuance and trading of securities, including bond market, stock market, fund market, insurance market and financial leasing market. Financial leasing, also known as equipment leasing or modern leasing, refers to leasing that essentially transfers all or most of the risks and rewards related to asset ownership. The ownership of assets may or may not be transferred eventually.
Its specific content means that the lessor purchases the leased property from the supplier according to the specific requirements of the lessee and the choice of the supplier, and rents it to the lessee for use, and the lessee pays the rent to the lessor in installments. During the lease period, the ownership of the leased property belongs to the lessor, and the lessee has the right to use the leased property. If there is no agreement or unclear agreement on the ownership of the leased property after the lease term expires, the rent has been paid, and the lessee has fulfilled all the obligations as stipulated in the financial lease contract, it can be supplemented by agreement; If a supplementary agreement cannot be reached, it shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract or trading habits. If it is still uncertain, the ownership of the leased property belongs to the lessor. Financial leasing is a new financial industry integrating financing and financial services, trade and technological innovation. Because of the combination of financing and finance, the leasing company can recycle and dispose of the leased property when there are problems, so the requirements for corporate credit and guarantee are not high when handling financing, which is very suitable for financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, financial leasing belongs to off-balance-sheet financing, which is not reflected in the liabilities of enterprise financial statements and does not affect the credit status of enterprises. This is very beneficial to SMEs that need multi-channel financing.
An essential difference between financial leasing and traditional leasing is that traditional leasing calculates the rent based on the time when the lessee leases the property, while financial leasing calculates the rent based on the time when the lessee occupies the financing cost. It is a highly adaptable financing method when the market economy develops to a certain stage. It is a new way of trading in the United States in the 1950s. Because it adapted to the requirements of modern economic development, it developed rapidly around the world in the 1960s and 1970s. Nowadays, it has become one of the main financing methods for enterprises to update equipment, and is known as "sunrise industry". This business model has developed rapidly for more than 20 years since it was introduced to China in the early 1980s. However, compared with developed countries, the advantages of leasing are far from being brought into play, and the market potential is great.
Financial leasing, also known as financial leasing or financial leasing, refers to the agreement reached between the lessor and the supplier on the basis of the lessee. & gt
Question 8: Briefly describe the development trend of financial market 1. The development trend of financial market is:
(1) financial globalization (nationalization of market transactions and internationalization of market participants); (2) financial liberalization; (3) financial management; (4) Financial securitization.
2. Financial market: refers to the financing market, which refers to the market where both the fund supplier and the fund demander raise funds through credit instruments. Broadly speaking, it is a market to realize currency lending and financing and handle various bills and securities trading activities.
Question 9: What are the financial institutions in China? According to its status and functions, it can be divided into four categories: the first category, the central bank, namely the People's Bank of China. The second category is banks. Including policy banks and commercial banks. The third category is non-bank financial institutions. It mainly includes state-owned and joint-stock insurance companies, urban credit cooperatives, securities companies (investment banks) and financial institutions. The fourth category is foreign-funded, overseas Chinese-funded and Sino-foreign joint venture financial institutions established in China. The above financial institutions complement each other and form a complete financial institution system.
Question 10: What are the financial projects? The so-called e-finance, also known as e-finance, refers to the financial activities realized on the Internet based on the achievements of financial electronic construction, including online financial institutions, online financial transactions, online financial markets and online financial supervision. In a narrow sense, it refers to the financial services carried out on the Internet, including online banking, online securities, online insurance and other financial services and related content; Network finance in a broad sense is the general name of all financial activities in the world supported by network technology, including not only narrow content, but also network financial security, network financial supervision and many other aspects. It is different from traditional financial activities in physical form, and it is a financial activity in electronic space. Its existence form is virtualized and its operation mode is networked. It is the product of the rapid development of information technology, especially internet technology, and it is a financial operation mode that meets the needs of e-commerce development in the network era.