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Do you have any books on futures hedging?
Interim Provisions on Accounting Treatment of Commodity Futures Business of Enterprises and Provisions on Accounting Treatment of Commodity Futures Business Attached to the Accounting System of Joint Stock Limited Companies (which has been replaced by the Accounting System of Enterprises) issued by the Ministry of Finance1997 (No.51997) (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"). However, the Accounting System for Enterprises, the Accounting System for Financial Enterprises and the Accounting System for Small Enterprises, which have been implemented in recent years, do not involve futures business. Moreover, the author has not seen any normative documents on accounting treatment of futures business issued by the Ministry of Finance since February 1998, which is in great contrast with the gradual development and maturity of the futures market in recent years. Therefore, it is still necessary to study the accounting treatment of futures hedging on the basis of the above provisions.

I. Account Settings and Statement List

(A) the "Regulations" to add subjects

The "Regulations" require that enterprises engaged in commodity futures business should add the following general ledger accounts and detailed accounts:

1? "Futures margin" refers to the margin paid and added by accounting enterprises to futures exchanges (hereinafter referred to as exchanges) or futures brokerage institutions (hereinafter referred to as brokerage companies) for handling futures business.

2? "Receivable seat fee" accounts for the seat occupation fee paid by the enterprise to obtain seats other than the basic seats.

3? "Futures gains and losses" accounts for handling fees, liquidation gains and losses and membership changes in the process of handling futures business.

The annual fee for futures and the penalty for breach of contract in futures business shall be reflected in the subjects of "management expenses" and "non-operating expenses" respectively, and shall not be included in futures profits and losses.

4? Set up the detailed account of "futures member investment" in the subject of "long-term equity investment". Accounting treatment of investment deposits and return investments; When the margin amount is inconsistent with the refundable amount, the difference is recorded in the "futures profit and loss" account.

(2) subjects that need to be supplemented.

1? The subject of "futures profit and loss to be confirmed" is calculated according to the floating profit and loss of positions notified by the exchange or broker.

2? "Buy futures contracts", "sell futures contracts" and "futures settlement" subjects. According to the regulations, the number of shares (lots), the number of targets and the amount of futures contracts bought or sold by enterprises are not accounted for in the accounts, which will have a negative impact on the internal control of futures. To this end, enterprises can add up the above three subjects to calculate the quantity, type and initial transaction price of futures contracts. We will demonstrate the above topics with examples.

(iii) Statement

1? Balance Sheet: (1) Set the accounts of "Futures Margin" and "Seat Fee Receivable" in the account of "Other Receivables", and fill them out according to the ending balance of two accounts with the same name. (2) In the "other current liabilities" item, the floating gains and losses of position contracts are listed. (3) In the notes to the statements, the contents and amounts of futures member investment, floating gains and losses of position contracts, etc. It should also be disclosed. (4) Enterprises that set up trading futures contracts and futures settlement accounts should write off these accounts when preparing their balance sheets, which are not reflected in the statements, but should disclose the types, quantity and initial transaction amount of position contracts in detail in the notes to the statements.

2? Income statement (income statement): Set up the subject of "Futures Income" under the subject of "Investment Income".

3? Cash flow statement: cash receipts and payments of futures business shall be listed as cash flows of investment activities.