Derivative securities can be divided into contract type and securities type. The derivative products of contract securities are based on the overall value measurement standards of capital security or capital security, such as stock indexes, such as stocks and bonds, which mainly include all kinds of futures and options, such as stock index futures, stock index options, treasury bonds futures and stock options. It has three characteristics:

(1) Contract derivatives exist in the form of standardized contracts designed for securities exchange places, not securities.

(2) Contract derivatives have no financing function, but mainly exist as a risk management tool.

(3) There is no issuer for contract derivatives, and the trading method is futures trading, and trading risk control measures such as margin, position restriction and daily mark-to-market are implemented. Securities derivatives are the combination of basic securities such as stocks and a rights contract, in which the rights are expressed in the form of securities, forming a new kind of securities. Representative securities derivatives include warrants and convertible companies, such as warrants.

As a stock-based derivative security, warrant is a combination of stock and option contract. The subject of the contract is the issuer and the warrant holder. The content of the contract is that the warrant holder has the right to choose to buy or sell shares from the issuer at the agreed time and price. Different from the general contract derivatives, the contracts in warrants do not exist in the form of standardized contracts, but in the form of securities, and the contents of the contracts have been securitized as the basic elements of warrants. From a legal point of view, warrants, as derivatives of securities, have the basic characteristics of securities, so they are different from general contractual securities derivatives.

(1) From the basic principle of securities, all kinds of securities are securitization of specific rights. For example, stocks are securitization of shareholders' rights, bonds are securitization of creditor's rights, and warrants are securitization of "options", which should belong to the category of securities. It is called derivative securities because it is based on the existence of buying and selling specific stocks and underlying stocks and is derivative.

(2) Warrants, like stocks and corporate bonds, have issuers, set the issue price and go through the issuance and raising procedures, which have direct or indirect fund-raising functions. However, contract securities derivatives have no issuer, issuance procedure or fund-raising function.

(3) Although warrants are securities derivatives, they are traded in the same way as stocks and corporate bonds, and spot transactions are implemented. The above analysis of the characteristics of warrants is also applicable to convertible corporate bonds derived from the combination of stock option contracts and corporate bonds, revealing the * * * characteristics of securities derivatives.

1. This account accounts for the fair value of derivative instruments of enterprises and the derivative assets or liabilities formed by their changes.

Derivatives as hedging instruments are accounted for in the "hedging instruments" account.

Two, this course can be based on the category of derivative products for detailed accounting.

Three, the main accounting treatment of derivative products.

(1) When an enterprise obtains a derivative instrument, it shall debit the account according to its fair value, debit the account of "investment income" according to the transaction costs incurred, and credit the account of "bank deposit" and "money deposited in the central bank" according to the actual amount paid.

(2) On the balance sheet date, the difference between the fair value of the derivative instrument and its book balance shall be debited to this account and credited to the "gains and losses from changes in fair value" account; If the fair value is lower than its book balance, make the opposite accounting entry.

(3) Derivative instruments whose recognition is terminated shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of such subjects as "trading financial assets" and "trading financial liabilities".

Four, the debit balance at the end of this course, reflecting the fair value of assets formed by enterprise derivatives; The ending credit balance of this course reflects the fair value of liabilities formed by derivative products of enterprises.