The Contract Law stipulates that if the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved due to force majeure, the parties may terminate the contract through consultation. However, the current commercial loan contract lacks clauses on how to terminate the contract due to force majeure. On May 19, the heads of all commercial banks said that as a commercial bank, it is impossible to reduce or exempt, but they will provide customers with grace measures. Zhang Yun, vice president of the Agricultural Bank of China, said that because many houses have become dangerous buildings and cannot be used, the personal housing mortgage loan of the Agricultural Bank of China is facing greater risks. According to incomplete statistics, the personal mortgage loss caused by the earthquake was 654.38+0.05 billion yuan. Zhu Min, deputy governor of Bank of China, said that the personal mortgage problem will be dealt with step by step in accordance with international practice. At this stage, we can only do without penalty interest and personal files, but he also said that "we will deal with this problem in a humane way." Zhang Furong, vice president of China Industrial and Commercial Bank, said that for personal loan business, ICBC will take measures such as providing grace period, extending loan term, extending repayment period, reducing default interest of defaulting customers, and not registering default records of defaulting customers to reduce the burden on users in disaster areas. The chief lawyer of a law firm in Guangdong said that under normal circumstances, after the earthquake, the house collapsed and the mortgage will continue to be repaid. "The key question is whether the master is dead. If a person dies, there is no inheritance and there is no need to pay it back. If there is an inheritance, it will be used to repay the loan first. If people survive, the collapse of houses caused by the earthquake cannot be used as a reason for not repaying defense fees. "

2. What is the default rate of individual housing mortgage loan in China?

First, the development status of individual housing mortgage loans in China

In recent years, personal housing mortgage loan has become a "retail business" with strong development momentum in China's commercial banks. It is regarded as the main means to expand credit marketing business and optimize credit asset structure, and is the key loan investment of personal housing banks. The balance of personal housing mortgage loans in the table accounts for more than 74% of the national consumer credit balance, reaching about 80% in 2004 and 2005. In 2005, the balance of personal housing mortgage loan was 654.38+0.84 trillion yuan, 5.45 times that of 2000. Compared with the balance of 43. 1 personal housing mortgage loan of 654.38+0.98, it has increased by 654.38+0.07%, and the personal housing mortgage loan has developed rapidly every year in terms of growth rate and total amount.

Personal housing mortgage loan (unit: 100 million yuan)

1998 19992000200 12002200320042005

The national consumer credit balance is 47210974066915736200632150.

The balance of personal housing mortgage loan is 88258117821585318400.

Personal housing mortgage loan accounts for 90.25% 70.19% 79.74.40% 74.87% 79.

The growth rate of personal housing mortgage loan is 80.75% 338.57% 65.77% 47.52% 42.67% 34.55%16.07%.

Source: Statistical Bulletin (2000-2005)

The reason why commercial banks are scrambling to develop individual housing mortgage loans is because of the prosperity of China's real estate market and the country's credit policy in recent years. Personal housing mortgage loan is a high-quality asset, and the non-performing loan rate is extremely low, which is much less risky than wholesale loans. In fact, it is not inevitable that the non-performing loan ratio of personal housing mortgage loans is low and the risk is relatively small. It is closely related to economic environment and other factors. In 1980s and 1995, Japanese housing finance cases were all related to individual housing mortgage loan risk. With the rapid increase in the balance of personal housing mortgage loans in China, the non-performing rate of personal housing mortgage loans has also begun to rise. In 2002, the average non-performing rate of personal housing mortgage loans in the four major state-owned commercial banks was about 1%[ 1], and by the end of 2004, the non-performing rate of personal housing mortgage loans reached about 1.5%, of which Agricultural Bank was higher than 2%. In China, a developed area of individual housing mortgage loans, the average NPL ratio of the two types is only about 0. 1%, but by the end of September 2006, the average NPL ratio has risen to 0.86%, which has increased more than seven times in more than two years.

China's market economy is in the early stage of development, with the lack of legal system, imperfect personal credit system, low risk management level of commercial banks, high risk of personal housing mortgage loans and high default rate of actual loans. Under certain conditions (such as rapid loan growth), the index of non-performing loan ratio used for risk analysis is very backward, which covers up the actual risk situation. The real estate market is cyclical, and the amount of personal housing mortgage loans is small. Once the real estate market is adjusted or oscillated, the mortgage business will be repaid. Therefore, it is the only way for the healthy development of personal housing mortgage loan to strengthen the risk prevention and improve the risk management mechanism.

Second, commercial banks personal housing mortgage loan risk analysis

Under the current economic system environment in China, the risk of personal housing mortgage loan is possible, which is related to the characteristics of mortgage loan itself and the market environment. As far as business in China is concerned, there are several risks:

1. Credit risk

Credit risk is the most basic and direct risk in personal housing mortgage loan risk. There are usually the following forms:

One party was forced to breach the contract. Compulsory breach of contract is a passive behavior of the borrower, which means that the borrower can't continue to repay the principal and interest to the commercial bank according to the regulations after purchasing real estate because of the decline of actual payment ability or the occurrence of unexpected events. Fierce market competition, severe employment conditions and sharp increase in education and medical expenses in China will reduce or even worsen the borrower's ability to pay, making it impossible for the borrower to continue to repay the loan principal and interest.

The second is rational breach of contract. Rational breach of contract is the borrower's active behavior, which means that the borrower subjectively thinks that giving up continuing repayment can bring greater benefits. When the house price drops rapidly or the interest rate rises sharply, the cost of continuing repayment is greater than the income of giving up repayment, and the borrower will default rationally. Active default is most likely to occur in the first two years after the signing of the loan contract, because the opportunity cost of default at this time is relatively low, and only the down payment, transaction cost and part of the loan principal and interest are lost [2].

The third is to repay in advance. Early repayment refers to the borrower's active breach of contract, which means that the borrower fails to repay part or all of the loan in advance according to the time limit and amount agreed in the contract. When the market interest rate is lower than the contract interest rate, the loan can be repaid in advance. On the one hand, repaying the loan in advance makes the commercial bank lose the interest income brought by the original contract interest rate, on the other hand, the commercial bank has to bear the loss of finding a suitable investment channel to repay the loan [3].

The fourth is malicious fraud. Malicious loan fraud is generally called "false mortgage", which is a kind of deception. The main feature is that the actual borrower uses the personal housing mortgage loan funds for higher-risk investments, such as misappropriating them for real estate development or entering the capital market, which leads to a sharp rise in the credit risk of commercial banks. At the end of June 5438+ 10, 2007, the CBRC issued the Notice on Further Preventing Risks Related to Business Transactions between Banking Financial Institutions and Securities Companies, and the housing mortgage loan became the focus of misappropriation in market inspection.

2. Mortgage risk

Loan collateral is the second source of repayment for commercial banks, but commercial banks often face the following mortgage risks:

The first is the risk of mortgage disposal. When the channels for realizing collateral are narrow and the cost is high, and commercial banks cannot realize it smoothly, fully and legally, they will suffer the risk of collateral disposal. China's housing secondary market is in its infancy, with imperfect trading laws and regulations, cumbersome procedures and high transaction costs, which makes it difficult for banks to realize mortgage.

The second is the price risk of collateral. Collateral price risk includes collateral price market risk and collateral price artificial risk. The former refers to the risk of mortgage price falling due to changes in the real estate market and natural wear and tear of houses. When the real estate market is in a period of adjustment or recession, the price drop may lead to the mortgage price not covering the bank's principal and interest. The latter is the damage of the mortgagor to the house during the mortgage period, or the risk caused by the negligence or intentional overestimation of the collateral by the appraiser.

3. Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that the interest rate fluctuation in the financial market leads to the narrowing of the deposit-loan spread, or even the loan interest rate is lower than the deposit interest rate, which leads to the bank making ends meet. Generally speaking, the interest rate risks faced by commercial banks are: first, the risk of "mismatch", the long-term nature of mortgage loans and the unsynchronized adjustment of deposit interest rates and loan interest rates. For example, personal housing mortgage loan is a fixed interest rate. If the deposit interest rate is raised, the bank's capital cost will rise; When the interest rate of personal housing mortgage loan fluctuates and falls, if the cost of capital of the bank remains unchanged, the interest margin of the bank will also narrow. The second is the credit risk of prepayment caused by interest rate risk.

4. Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk refers to the interest loss that the housing loan creditor's rights held by commercial banks cannot be realized in full and on time. Liquidity risk is caused by the operating characteristics of commercial banks and the characteristics of personal housing mortgage loans. The funds of commercial banks mainly come from short-term funds such as corporate deposits and residents' savings deposits. Personal housing mortgage loan has a long term and slow recovery, and the source and application of funds obviously don't match in time, so there is a problem of "short-term deposit and long-term loan". The liquidity of personal housing mortgage loan in China is relatively poor. First, because personal housing mortgage loan is a retail business, the loan interest rate, maturity date, loan ratio and loan term of each loan are different, and commercial banks cannot achieve standardized management; Second, the information asymmetry in the credit market makes it impossible for investors to estimate the default risk cost of each loan one by one, which makes investors flinch; Third, the secondary market of consumer goods such as housing has not yet formed, and it is difficult to realize the mortgage loan.

5. Risk of legal system

Legal system risk means that the legal system is not perfect, the punishment for dishonesty and breach of contract is not specific, and the execution is not strong, which makes commercial banks face losses. A good social and legal environment is the basic condition for the development of individual housing mortgage loan. For example, the United States promulgated the Uniform Consumer Credit Code and Consumer Credit Guarantee in 1968, and promulgated the new Uniform Consumer Credit Code in 1974. China has no special laws and regulations on consumer credit. Laws and regulations such as Commercial Bank Law, General Principles of Loans, Guarantee Law, Negotiable Instruments Law and Contract Law are all established for the generation of credit, which are inconsistent with the characteristics of individual housing mortgage loans.

6. Market policy risk

Market policy risk includes two aspects. One is that the national economy fluctuates periodically from prosperity to depression in the whole development process, which affects the market risk of the real estate industry. Compared with other industries, the real estate industry is more sensitive to the economic cycle. When the economy is booming, the income level of residents increases, the demand in the real estate market increases, and the number of loans expands sharply. When the economy is depressed, the unemployment rate rises, the income of residents drops sharply, and house prices fall. Commercial banks are bound to face a large number of "bad debts" losses. Second, the adjustment of the government's economic policy has caused changes in the real estate market and brought losses to commercial banks. The whole economy of China is in a period of transition, with imperfect market mechanism and unclear government positioning. Because housing consumption is the bulk consumption of residents and the investment multiplier is large, the real estate industry has a strong pulling effect on economic growth, thus becoming an important industry for the government to regulate and control the economy, stimulate consumption and promote economic growth. When the development of the real estate market is divorced from personal consumption capacity, bubbles and overheating appear, which violates the macro-control objectives, the government will adopt real estate control policies. With the adjustment and contraction of the real estate industry, commercial banks will also face policy risks.

7. Managing risks

Management risk refers to the credit risk caused by problems in the management of personal housing mortgage loans by commercial banks. From the aspects of loan policy, management process, organizational structure and technical basis, the personal housing mortgage loan management of commercial banks in China is basically at a low level. For example, commercial banks have the impulse to emphasize business expansion and ignore business management in personal housing mortgage loans, and seize market share regardless of risk cost; Personal housing mortgage loan business operation is arbitrary, and has not yet formed a reasonable evaluation standard and business process; There is a shortage of experts familiar with personal housing mortgage loans, and management experience and personnel training can't keep up with the rapid development of business; Personal credit information is basically closed, there is a lack of communication between banks, personal credit information resources can not be enjoyed, and there is a lack of a unified information base and personal credit evaluation system. These management factors have led to an increase in the risk of personal housing mortgage loans.

8. Operational risks

Illegal operation is one of the most important reasons for the formation of bank asset risk, and it is also the business risk caused by the relaxation of loan requirements by operating institutions in system management. The main manifestations are as follows: first, under the business-oriented incentive and restraint mechanism, operating institutions pay more attention to business than management, and even operate illegally, lowering loan standards and guarantee conditions without approval or in disguise, and illegally opening high-risk businesses such as personal stocks in the name of personal housing mortgage loans; Second, some staff members have low professional quality or ideological quality, are irresponsible in their work, violate operating rules, and some even collude with borrowers to escape institutional constraints.

Three, commercial banks personal housing mortgage loan risk prevention

In view of the above eight risks of personal housing mortgage loans of commercial banks, commercial banks can take the following measures to resolve and prevent them.

1. Develop and establish internal rating system and internal rating model.

At present, the credit management of commercial banks in China mainly focuses on the risk of a single borrower. According to the spirit of risk management in the new Basel Capital Accord, the credit risk management of modern commercial banks not only includes the risk management of individual borrowers, but more importantly, it should take the optimal allocation of venture capital and the allocation of credit portfolio as the risk management model to measure, monitor and actively manage the overall risks faced by banks. Therefore, commercial banks are required to formulate and establish an internal rating system for the overall credit business, adopt the internal rating method, and calculate the default probability (PD), loss given default (LGD), risk exposure (EAD) and term (M) of individual housing mortgage loans through statistical models, so as to comprehensively and accurately grasp the risk status of individual housing mortgage loans and make reasonable predictions for the overall risks in the future. On this basis, fully consider the personal data and historical credit information of borrowers, establish a scientific solvency and credit evaluation model, gradually improve the credit rating system of single borrowers, and subdivide the borrower market as an important basis for business development.

2. Improve the internal credit management mechanism of banks to prevent management and operational risks.

Commercial banks should formulate a set of strict, detailed and operable rules and procedures to gradually improve the level of credit management.

First, according to the relevant data of the internal rating model of individual housing mortgage loan, we will formulate the loan risk capital allocation and credit portfolio plan, determine the business development direction, proportion, development pace and process, and avoid losses caused by loan policy management mistakes.

Second, strengthen the whole process management of the loan process, analyze relevant risk points from pre-loan investigation, loan approval and post-loan inspection, implement management responsibilities and standardize the operation process; Establish a reasonable incentive and restraint mechanism to encourage business personnel to consciously abide by various rules and regulations, and solve the guiding mechanism that attaches importance to business development and ignores risk management; Strengthen the system of investigating the responsibility for losses, and investigate the corresponding responsibilities according to the actual losses of assets.

Third, in the organizational structure, we can gradually implement the system of sending approval personnel and risk control personnel to realize the separation of loan approval and risk supervision, and ensure the independence of loan approval and risk control; Set up a special examination and approval center, implement intensive management, gradually cultivate excellent professional examination and approval personnel and risk management personnel, and improve the professional level of management.

Fourth, strengthen the collection and analysis of borrower information. The greater the amount of information collected, the higher the quality of information and the more accurate the results of information analysis, which provides an objective basis for better prevention and control of credit risk assessment [4].

3. Establish a personal housing mortgage loan risk early warning system to prevent market and policy risks.

The real estate industry is highly related to the macro-economy, which in turn plays a powerful role. The main purpose of establishing a risk early warning system is to prevent market systemic and policy risks, establish an early warning model to analyze macroeconomic indicators, industrial economic indicators and relevant national policies, predict the real estate market and the entire socio-economic environment, and make early responses to avoid losses. Establishing and perfecting the early warning system is a huge project. First, establish a risk early warning database, obtain data from all aspects, continuously accumulate and improve the collection and collation of data, and lay a solid foundation for model development; The second is to develop a suitable risk early warning model, and set reasonable early warning interval, warning line, index weight, probability density function and other parameters according to the actual situation in China; The third is to establish a rapid response and pre-control mechanism to deal with and resolve the potential risks displayed by the risk early warning system in time.

4. Strengthen the interest rate risk management and liquidity management of individual housing mortgage loans.

With the continuous advancement of China's interest rate marketization reform, interest rate risks will gradually emerge. Commercial banks can take the following measures to prevent the interest rate risk of individual housing mortgage loans.

First, develop mortgage loans with adjustable interest rates, whose interest rates are regularly adjusted according to the constant changes of market interest rates. The interest rate adjustment period can be 1 month, 1 quarter, half a year or 1 year. Compared with China's current floating interest rate, the difference is that this periodic interest rate adjustment is helpful to improve the matching of deposit and loan terms of commercial banks, transferring the risk of interest rate increase borne by commercial banks to borrowers, and transferring the risk of interest rate decline borne by borrowers to commercial banks.

Second, develop fixed-rate mortgage loans. Fixed-rate mortgage loan refers to a mortgage loan with a fixed loan interest rate within the repayment period agreed in the mortgage loan contract. Under the fixed-rate mortgage loan model, commercial banks bear most of the interest rate risks. If commercial banks can obtain fixed interest rate funds to match loans, such as issuing fixed interest rate bonds and interest rate swaps, they can avoid the corresponding interest rate mismatch and liquidity risks.

Third, hedging, China's financial futures market is gradually opening up. Commercial banks can use financial derivatives to hedge interest rate risk management and offset the value changes of assets and liabilities due to interest rate changes through market transactions. For example, forward interest rate agreements, interest rate futures and exchange options can be used for short-term interest rate risk management, while interbank options (upper limit options, lower limit options and dual-term rights), swaps and swap options can be used for long-term interest rate risk management.

Fourth, vigorously develop the secondary market for personal housing mortgage loans, through which commercial banks can sell personal housing mortgage loans to form creditor's rights in exchange for loan funds or short-term creditor's rights with high liquidity, so as to improve liquidity.

5. Develop the risk transfer mechanism of individual housing mortgage loan.

First, establish and improve the mortgage insurance mechanism. The purpose of personal housing mortgage insurance is to avoid or disperse three risks, one is the risk of house damage, the other is the credit risk of the loan, and the third is the personal risk of the borrower. At present, the levels and types of individual housing mortgage insurance institutions in China are relatively single, and the credit risk of banks and the credit risk and personal risk underwritten by insurance institutions cannot be reasonably divided. It is urgent to establish and improve the insurance mechanism of personal housing mortgage loan. In terms of insurance types, property insurance, unemployment insurance, personal insurance and performance guarantee insurance related to consumer credit can be developed. In terms of insurance institutions, mortgage insurance with policy insurance mechanism can be established for low-and middle-income borrowers, high-income borrowers and middle-and high-income borrowers.

Second, promote the securitization of personal housing mortgage loans. The contradiction of "short-term deposit and long-term loan" of personal housing mortgage loan makes commercial banks face many risks such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securitization of personal housing mortgage loan can fundamentally solve the contradiction of "short-term deposit and long-term loan" of commercial banks [5]. On June 5438+February, 2005, China started the pilot work of asset securitization of commercial banks. With the popularization of the pilot work of asset securitization and the richness of asset securitization business types, the securitization of personal housing mortgage loan can be launched in time, effectively reducing the risks borne by commercial banks on personal housing mortgage loan.

6. Improve the legal system environment of personal housing mortgage loan.

Personal housing mortgage involves all aspects of social economy, and effectively reducing the risks faced by commercial banks requires a good legal environment and legislative support. China should formulate and promulgate the Consumer Credit Law as soon as possible, clarify the responsibilities of relevant subjects in consumer credit activities, and rationally disperse credit risks; Establish a personal bankruptcy system, so that all relevant links of personal housing mortgage loans can be legally followed, and enforce the personal credit system through legislation, and fully learn from the experience of personal credit management in developed countries. For example, American consumer credit laws include: fair credit reporting law, honest credit law, honest lending law, fair credit settlement law, credit card issuance law, equal credit opportunity law, and fair debt collection law. At the same time, improve the law enforcement environment, set up small claims fast trial court to dispose of bank mortgage assets, reduce complicated procedures and links, increase fairness and transparency, reduce the cost of collateral disposal and improve the efficiency of disposal.

3. What is the default rate of housing mortgage loan in the total NPL ratio?

Personal housing mortgage loan plays an important role in personal consumption credit. In recent years, personal housing mortgage loan has become a "retail business" with strong development momentum in China's commercial banks, and is regarded as the main means to expand credit marketing business and optimize credit asset structure. Personal housing mortgage loan has naturally become the key loan investment of commercial banks. Table 1, from 2000 to 2005, the balance of personal housing mortgage loan accounted for more than 74% of the national consumer credit balance, and reached about 80% in 2004 and 2005. In 2005, the balance of personal housing mortgage loan was 654.38+0.84 trillion yuan, 5.45 times that of 2000, and 43. 1.9 times that of 654.38+0.98 in 2008. Compared with the balance of personal housing mortgage loan in 2004, it increased by 654.38 0.07%, and personal housing mortgage loan is developing every year in terms of growth rate and total amount.

Table 1 1998-2005 National Individual Housing Mortgage Loan (Unit: 100 million yuan)

1998 19992000200 12002200320042005

The national consumer credit balance is 472109742356901066915736200632150.

The balance of personal housing mortgage loan is 42677033775598258117821585318400.

Personal housing mortgage loan accounts for 90.25% 70.19% 79.74% 80.09% 77.40% 74.87% 79.02% 83.37%.

The growth rate of personal housing mortgage loan is 80.75% 338.57% 65.77% 47.52% 42.67% 34.55%16.07%.

Source: Statistical Bulletin (2000-2005)

There are two main reasons for commercial banks to develop personal housing mortgage loans: first, the prosperity of China's real estate market in recent years and the support of national credit policies; Second, commercial banks generally believe that personal housing mortgage loans are high-quality assets, and the non-performing loan ratio is extremely low, which is much less risky than wholesale loans. In fact, it is not inevitable that the non-performing loan ratio of personal housing mortgage loan is low and the risk is relatively small, but it is closely related to economic environment and other factors. In the 1980s, the turmoil of American mortgage companies and the 1995 Japanese housing finance case were all related to the risks of individual housing mortgage loans. With the rapid increase in the balance of personal housing mortgage loans in China, the non-performing rate of personal housing mortgage loans has also begun to rise. In 2002, the average non-performing rate of personal housing mortgage loans in the four major state-owned commercial banks was about 1%[ 1], and by the end of 2004, the non-performing rate of personal housing mortgage loans reached about 1.5%, of which Agricultural Bank was higher than 2%. In Shanghai, a relatively developed area of individual housing mortgage loans in China, the average non-performing rate of individual housing mortgage loans of commercial banks was only about 0. 1% in 2004. By the end of September 2006, the average non-performing rate rose to 0.86%, which increased more than seven times in more than two years.

China's market economy is in the early stage of development, with the lack of legal system, imperfect personal credit system, low risk management level of commercial banks, high risk of personal housing mortgage loans and high default rate of actual loans. Under certain conditions (such as rapid loan growth), the index of non-performing loan ratio used for risk analysis is very backward, which covers up the actual risk situation. The real estate market is cyclical, and the term of personal housing mortgage loan is long, and the amount of each loan is small. Once the real estate market is adjusted or fluctuated, there will be risks such as loan default, and the personal housing mortgage loan business in China has not yet encountered a real test. Therefore, strengthening the risk prevention of personal housing mortgage loan and perfecting the risk management mechanism are the only way for the benign development of personal housing mortgage loan.

Four, mortgage real estate ten strokes?

The top ten tips for mortgaging real estate are as follows:

1. Generally speaking, in all loan businesses, real estate mortgage loans can borrow the most funds, which can meet the borrower's demand for funds to the greatest extent.

2. In all loan businesses, real estate mortgage loan can not only meet the needs of borrowers to the greatest extent, but also lend more funds, and the loan period is long enough. New houses can be loaned for 30 years, and second-hand houses can be loaned for up to 20 years. Therefore, it can better alleviate the repayment pressure of borrowers.

3. Compared with mortgage loan, the interest rate of real estate mortgage loan is relatively low, and the annual interest rate is a common statement and calculation method, which makes the loan interest less and can minimize the borrower's loan cost.

4. In terms of credit reporting, the credit reporting and personal work of real estate mortgage loans are more relaxed than other loan businesses, focusing on housing-related issues. The housing itself is not a big problem, and the pass rate is still very high. However, if you want to get low-interest products from banks, the requirements for credit information and qualifications of borrowers are still very strict.

The lending cycle of real estate mortgage loan is still very fast, usually between half a month and two months. If you ask the financial intermediary for help, you can lend more quickly.

6, real estate mortgage restrictions

1, age limit, at least 18 years old, with full capacity for civil conduct;

2. Due to the differences in real estate assessment, an appraisal report is required when applying for real estate mortgage loan, but the bank will also appoint an appraisal agency to re-evaluate the value of the real estate to be mortgaged. If there is a big discrepancy between the two, it is likely that the bank will refuse the loan because it thinks you are suspected of fraudulent loans;

3. Restrictions on personal credit, such as unstable professional income, bad credit and inability to pay. Many people want to get a high loan, but you have to have a corresponding income to match it.

7, real estate mortgage loan application materials

1, original property certificate, house purchase contract and invoice;

2. Original ID card and household registration book;

3. Marriage certificate;

4. Original spouse ID card/original property owner ID card.

8. Amount of real estate mortgage loan

Generally speaking, different houses have different mortgage loans. Under normal circumstances, the mortgage of commercial housing can reach 70%, the mortgage of shops and office buildings can reach 60%, and the mortgage of industrial plants can reach 50%. For example, Xiao Li in chenghua district has a house with an appraisal value of 1 10,000 yuan, so Xiao Li Can can get a mortgage loan of 700,000 yuan at most, and the specific loan amount is also related to the borrower's work, income, credit information and other factors, so if you have any questions about the loan amount, you can directly call Rongcheng CreditEase Customer Service Hotline for free consultation on house appraisal.

9. Real estate mortgage interest rate

The mortgage interest rate of real estate fluctuates on the benchmark interest rate of central bank loans, and the benchmark interest rate is:

1, loans within one year (inclusive), with an annual interest rate of 4.35%;

2. For loans from one year to five years (inclusive), the annual interest rate is 4.75%;

3. For loans with a term of more than five years, the annual interest rate is 4.90%.

10, where can I handle the mortgage loan?

1. If the borrower has a good career and income and a good credit reference, then it is recommended to give priority to state-owned banks. Although the loan threshold is high, it can effectively reduce the loan interest rate, which is undoubtedly a very favorable factor for housing mortgage loans with high loan principal and long loan period;

2. If the borrower's occupation, income or credit information is average, you can consider choosing a non-state-owned bank, which will lower the loan threshold. Although the interest rate will increase relatively, it is also very limited. Moreover, in order to attract loans, many banks have also made great concessions on interest rates.