For example, the annual carbon emission limit of an energy-using unit is 6,543,800 tons. If this unit reduces pollution emissions through technological transformation and emits 8,000 tons of carbon each year, the extra 2,000 tons can be sold through transactions, and other energy-using units can also buy through transactions, because the original carbon emission limit is not enough to expand production needs. In this way, the total amount of carbon emissions in the whole large area is controlled, which can encourage enterprises to improve their technology and technology.
The concept of carbon emission trading originated from 1968. American economist Dyers first put forward the concept of "emission trading", that is, to establish the legal right to discharge pollutants and show it in the form of emission permits, so that environmental resources can be bought and sold like commodities. At that time, the dye dealer gave the application scheme in water pollution control. Subsequently, in solving the problem of emission reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, the means of emission trading was also applied.
1997, more than 100 countries in the world signed the Kyoto Protocol due to global warming, which stipulated the emission reduction obligations of developed countries and proposed three flexible emission reduction mechanisms, among which carbon emissions trading was one.
In 2005, with the formal entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, carbon emission rights became an international commodity, and more and more financial institutions such as investment banks, hedge funds, private equity funds and securities companies participated in it. Forward products, futures products, swap products and option products based on carbon trading are constantly emerging, and international carbon emissions trading has entered a stage of rapid development.
According to the report released by the World Bank in 2009, the global carbon emission market expanded to $654.38+0263 billion in 2008. As a financial market, the carbon market is attracting more investment attention.