WT 1 gene (Wilm tumor gene 1) is a tumor suppressor gene isolated from Wilms tumor cells, which can encode zinc-containing finger polypeptide. In 1992, Miwa first reported that 68% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 44% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia overexpressed WT 1 by Northern blot. Subsequently, many studies have found that almost all leukemia primitive cells (regardless of lineage) continue to express WT 1, and most of these primitive cells can detect WT 1 nucleoprotein.
Japan OJI et al. detected the expression level of WT 1 in 34 solid tumor cell lines by RT-PCR. The results showed that gastric cancer (3/4), colon cancer (5/5), lung cancer (12/ 15), breast cancer (2/4), ovarian cancer (2/2) and blastomas (11).
WT 1 gene is highly expressed in leukemia and various solid tumors, including lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer, and plays an oncogene role in these tumors, suggesting that WT 1 protein can be used as a new overexpressed tumor antigen.
In 2009, NCI National Cancer Institute analyzed and compared 75 kinds of malignant tumor antigens, and finally found that WT 1 was the best tumor antigen.
Twenty years ago, Japanese oncologists locked in the tumor-specific antigen WT 1 and began to try to develop the first generation of broad-spectrum tumor vaccine WT 1 using WT 1 as antigen. The second generation vaccine, together with broad-spectrum antigenic peptides such as WT 1 and MCU 1, can effectively prevent and prevent the recurrence of 95% cancers.
At present, more than 1 1 tumor-specific immunization programs targeting WT 1 have entered the clinical stage in the world. Japan's WT 1 Plus tumor vaccine has been approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, and at least 200,000 patients have benefited so far.
WT 1 Plus can prevent 20+ kinds of tumors (see the figure below).